Apush Chapter 18 Definitions Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Fires
answer
destroyed large downtown areas; Great Fires (1871) in Chi/Boston; Balt/San Fran earthquake caused major fire (1906); wood buildings--> disaster; caused fireproof buildings; better building rebuilt in place of burnt ones
question
Waste Disposal
answer
Pollution of rivers; bad drinking water; human/chem waste; sewage systems set up (1910ish)
question
Air Pollution
answer
factories etc. created bad air quality
question
Alice Hamilton
answer
physician who investigated for US Bureau of Labor; ID'd pollution sources; lead poisoning recognized
question
Pub Health Service
answer
(1912) prevented occupational diseases; pub health gov't concern
question
Salvation Army
answer
(1879) focused more on religious revivalism
question
Street Arabs
answer
poor children in streets scrounging for food
question
Police Forces
answer
prior to private and informal; now public departments; worked w/ DA/pub prosecutors
question
Urban Machine
answer
voting power of immigrant immense; invisible gov't
question
Urban Bosses
answer
usually ethnic; won votes by helping voters out
question
Graft and Corruption
answer
Honest graft (buying land near location of future RR); dishonest (kickbacks from contractors, sale of franchises)
question
Why Boss Rule
answer
power of immigrant voters, political organizations link to wealth and weakness of city gov'ts
question
Rising Income
answer
rose for everyone; 1890s; professionals prestige and profitability increases; workers increase less but still go up
question
Ready-made Clothing
answer
Am's used to make own clothing; now bought from stores; sense of individuals fashion for all
question
Chain Stores
answer
lower prices more variety; grocery chains, clothing, etc; locals had loyalty BUT higher prices
question
Mail-Order Houses
answer
catalogs in rural areas to purchase goods; Ward and Sears catalogs for famers (1880s); introduced farmers to home decor/fashion
question
Dept Stores
answer
array of products under one roof; glam area; social; lower prices
question
National Consumer League
answer
(1890s) Florence Kelley; power of women as consumers; improve women's wages
question
Black Communities
answer
10,000+ ppl in lots of cities; paved way for pop movements in future
question
Euro Immigrants
answer
more E/S in end of 19th century; modestly educated but no $ so worked in factories
question
Americanization
answer
immigrants wanted to ditch old culture and fit Am culture; espesh 2nd generation, looked to elders who embraced old culture w/ contempt
question
Nativism
answer
native laborers threatened; foreigners are scum; Henry Bowers (1887) and Am Protective Assoc to stop immigrant tide
question
Immigration Restriction League
answer
(1894) Boston by Harvard alums; immigrants should be screened w/ literacy tests;
question
Frederick Law Olmsted & Calvert Vaux
answer
(1850s) designed Central Park; looked natural
question
City Beautiful
answer
Chicago=great white city (1893) w/ Columbian Exposition (Columbus 400th anniversary); movement led by Daniel Burnham
question
Back Bay
answer
Boston (1850s); marshy tidal land filled in to expand land; done in other cities too; wealthy suburb
question
New Suburbs
answer
(1870s) give open space like ag life; wealthy/mid class; easy transportation into city
question
Tenement
answer
multiple family rental building; slum dwelling; no windows until (1870) sort of
question
Jacob Riis
answer
Danish immigrant; journalist/photographer; "How the Other Half Lives" (1890) shocked middle/upper class about tenement conditions
question
Mass Transit
answer
elevated railways in NY (1870); Richmond electric trolley (1888)
question
Skyscraper
answer
(1890s) tall buildings metaphor for wealth and opportunity
question
Steel Girder Construction
answer
(1884) Chicago; skyscrapers could be taller
question
Simon Pattern
answer
Theory of Prosperity (1902) & New Basis of Civilization (1910); leisure good; wealth should fulfill needs AND desires; fear of scarcity-->thrift
question
Public Leisure
answer
amusement parks (Coney Island); parks, dance halls, movies; E of other people
question
National League
answer
(1876) Albert Spalding; one branch of MLB
question
Am League
answer
(1901) replaced Am Assoc; first World Series (1903) b/w two MLB divisions
question
Ringers
answer
tramp athletes in football; didn't even attend that school
question
W Conference
answer
"Big Ten" (1896) Amos Alonzo Stagg from U Chi; to est. rules
question
NCAA
answer
(1910) gov't est. to regulate college sports and keep them safe
question
1919 World Series
answer
Chi White Sox threw it for betting purposes "Black Sox Scandal"; office of commissioner of Baseball est.
question
Ethnic Theater
answer
theaters w/ music from homeland/comical relaying of their Am struggles
question
Musical Comedy
answer
George Cohan and Irish vaudeville guy: Yankee Doodle Dandy etc.
question
Vaudeville
answer
adopted from French models; in saloons and community theaters even; variety of acts; inexpensive
question
Movies
answer
(1880s) Thomas Edison invented technology
question
Birth of a Nation
answer
(1915) silent epic by DW Griffith celebrating KKK and racism
question
Saloons
answer
workers could meet consistent group of friends; ethnic specific; political centers
question
Fourth of July in N
answer
highlight of year; ethnic groups organized events; more wealthy staid indoors
question
S 4th
answer
symbol of union so big for blacks; more restrictions on black celebrations-->more ID claiming from S whites
question
Dime Novels
answer
cheaply bound books books on wild W, mystery, sagas, moral uplift, etc.
question
Music
answer
public performances OR in homes; classical/traditional or ragtime
question
Newspaper Chains
answer
(1914) Will Hearst's had 9 newspapers 2 magazines; more to women too
question
Yellow Journalism
answer
deliberately sensations; lurid styles; reach mass audience
question
Social Realism
answer
Struggle of working class; painfully real; Stephen Crane; Dreiser, Norris, Sinclair, Chopin, Howells, James
question
Ashcan School
answer
naturalism; social realities of era; Sloan, Bellows, Hopper; expressionism and abstractionism; Armory Show NYC (1913) famous, French post impressionist/Am modern art
question
Modernism
answer
reject established forms; new ideas and forms
question
Natural Selection
answer
challenged biblical story of creation; history not divine plan but process dominated by fiercest/luckiest; schism b/w open minded city and traditional rural areas
question
Pragmatism
answer
Will James; modern society rely on science for guidance; no idea/institution valid until worked/stood test of experience; Ely, Patten, Ward, Ross, Turner, Beard
question
Education for Indians
answer
(1870s) small groups of Indians to Hampton Institution (black college); (1879) Rich Pratt, Carlisle Indian industrial School in Penn: industrial ed; assimilation
question
Land Grant Institutions
answer
Morrill act est. st8 univ in Cali, Ill, Minnesota, and Wisconsin
question
Women Colleges
answer
(1836) Mount Holyoke a seminary, college (1880s); Vassar, Wellesley, Smith, Bryn Mawr, Wells, Goucher; distinctive women's community; not second class to men; purpose in society other than mom/wife
