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1. All of the following gave rise to a more dynamic, market-oriented, national economy in early nineteenth-century America:

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push west in search of cheap land, a vast number of European immigrants settling in the cities, newly invented machinery, and better roads, faster steamboats, further-reaching canals, and tentacle-stretching railroads.

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2. Pioneering Americans marooned by geography

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became ill informed and individualistic in their attitudes.

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3. In early-nineteenth-century America, the urban population was

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growing at an unprecedented rate.

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4. The dramatic growth of American cities between 1800 and 1860 resulted in

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unsanitary conditions in many communities.

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5. "Ecological imperialism" can best be described as

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the aggressive exploitation of the West's bounty.

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6. George Catlin advocated the preservation of nature as

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a national policy.

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7. The influx of immigrants to the United States

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tripled, then quadrupled, in the 1840s and 1850s.

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8. Ireland's great export in the 1840s was

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people.

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9. The Irish immigrants to early nineteenth-century America were mostly

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Roman Catholics and hated the British.

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10. When the Irish flocked to the United States in the 1840s, they stayed in the larger seaboard cities because

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they were too poor to move west and buy land.

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11. When the "famine Irish" came to America,

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they mostly remained in the port cities of the Northeast.

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12. Native-born Protestant Americans distrusted and resented the Irish mostly because

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these immigrants were Roman Catholic.

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13. German immigrants in the early nineteenth century tended

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to preserve their own language and culture.

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14. German immigrants to the United States came to

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escape economic hardships and autocratic government.

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15. When German immigrants came to the United States,

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they prospered with astonishing ease.

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16. Those who were frightened by the rapid influx of Irish immigrants

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organized the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner.

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17. The sentiment of fear and opposition to open immigration was called nativism.

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...

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18. Native-born Americans feared that Catholic immigrants to the United States would

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"establish" the Catholic Church at the expense of Protestantism.

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19. Immigrants coming to the United States before 1860 helped

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to fuel economic expansion.

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20. The "Father of the Factory System" in the United States was

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Samuel Slater.

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21. Eli Whitney was instrumental in the invention of

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the cotton gin.

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22. Most of the cotton produced in the American South after the invention of the cotton gin was

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sold to England.

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23. The American phase of the industrial revolution first blossomed with

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textile mills.

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24. As a result of the development of the cotton gin,

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slavery revived and expanded.

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25. The underlying basis for modern mass production was

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the use of interchangeable parts.

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26. The early factory system distributed its benefits

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mostly to the owners.

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27. Match each individual below with the correct invention.

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Samuel Morse -telegraph Cyrus McCormick - reaper· Elias Howe- sewing machine · Robert Fulton- steamboat

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28. The American work force in the early nineteenth century was

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characterized bysubstantial employment of women and children in factories.

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29. One reason that the lot of adult wage earners improved was

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the enfranchisement of the laboring man.

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30. In the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt, the supreme court of Massachusetts ruled that

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labor unions were not illegal conspiracies.

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31. The "cult of domesticity" glorified

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the traditional role of women as homemakers.

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32. Early-nineteenth-century American families were

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getting smaller.

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33. One of the goals of the child-centered family of the 1800s was

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to raise independent individuals.

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34. The effect of early-nineteenth-century industrialization on the trans-Allegheny West was

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to encourage specialized, cash-crop agriculture.

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35. With the development of cash-crop agriculture in the trans-Allegheny West, farmers quickly faced

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mounting indebtedness.

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36. In the 1790's a major transportation project linking the East to the trans-Allegheny West was

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the Lancaster Turnpike.

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37. Western road building faced all of the following problems except

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competition from canals.

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38. The major application for steamboats transporting freight and passengers in the United States was

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on western and southern rivers.

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39. The "canal era" of American history began with

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the construction of the Erie Canal in New York.

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40. Construction of the Erie Canal

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forced some New England farmers to move or change occupations.

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41. Most early railroads in the United States

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were built in the North.

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42. Compared with canals, railroads

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could be built almost anywhere.

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43. In the new continental economy,

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each region specialized in a particular economic activity: the South grew cotton for export; the West grew grains and livestock to feed eastern factory workers; and the East made machines and textiles for the other two regions.

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44. As a result of the transportation revolution,

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each region in the nation specialized in a particular type of economic activity.

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45. In general, steamboats

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tended to bind the West and South together, while canals and railroads connected West to East.

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46. All of the following were legal questions raised as a result of the new market economy:

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how tightly should patents pretect inventions? should the government regulate monopolies? can a democratic government still support slavery? who should own these new technologies?

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47. As the new continental market economy grew,

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the home came to be viewed as a refuge from the workday world.

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48. A major economic consequence of the transportation and marketing revolutions was

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a steady improvement in average wages and standards of living.

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49. America's early-nineteenth-century population was

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notable for its restlessness.

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50. Factors encouraging the growth of immigration rates in the first half of the nineteenth century included

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the rapid growth rate of the European population.

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51. The growth of industry and the factory system in the United States was

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slowed by the scarcity of labor.

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52. The Northeast became the center of early-nineteenth-century American industry because

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it had abundant water power.

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53. The growth of early-nineteenth-century American manufacturing was

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stimulated by theWar of 1812.

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54. By 1850, America's factory system was

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producing textiles.

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55. The concentration of capital for investment in large-scale enterprises in the early nineteenth century was

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promoted by the wider acceptance of the principle of limited liability.

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56. The turnpikes, canals, and steamboats as new transportation links generally encouraged

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lowering of freight rates.

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57. Clipper ships and the Pony Express had in common

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speedy service.

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