question

The voters failed to give an electoral majority to any candidate in 1824, so the House of Representatives had to choose the president from among the top three candidates.

answer

True

question

Henry Clay disproved the charge of a "corrupt bargain" between himself and President Adams by refusing to accept any favors from the administration.

answer

False

question

President Adams attempted to uphold strong nationalistic principles in a time of growing support for sectionalism and states' rights.

answer

True

question

The election campaign of 1828 was notable for its focus on the issues of the tariff and democracy rather than on personalities and mudslinging.

answer

False

question

The South, and it's leading spokesman, John C. Calhoun, opposed a strong tariff in 1816 but had reversed their opposition and come to favor a strong tariff by 1828.

answer

False

question

Jackson's victory in 1828 did represent the triumph of the West and the common people over the older elitist political system.

answer

True

question

The Jacksonians put into practice their belief that ordinary citizens were capable of holding almost any public office without particular qualifications.

answer

True

question

One consequence of the spoils system was the building of powerful political machines based on jobs and sometimes corrupt rewards distributed to political supporters.

answer

True

question

Both President Jackson and Vice President Calhoun fought to maintain a strong nationalism in the face of growing sectionalism.

answer

False

question

President Jackson used military force to end South Carolina's threat of nullification and secession.

answer

False

question

South Carolina's fierce opposition to the tariff reflected anxiety that enhanced federal power might be turned against the institution of slavery.

answer

True

question

All the other southern states strongly backed South Carolina's act of nullification against the federal government.

answer

False

question

Jackson used his veto of the bill to recharter the Bank of the United States to politically mobilize the common people of the West against the financial elite of the East.

answer

True

question

The Anti-Masonic third party of 1832 appealed strongly to American suspicion of secret societies and to Anti-Jackson Protestant evangelicals.

answer

True

question

Jackson finally destroyed the Bank of the United States by replacing it with an "Independent Treasury" staffed with his own political supporters.

answer

False

question

Although he professed sympathy for the Native Americans, Jackson defied the Supreme Court and ordered them removed from Oklahoma.

answer

True

question

The Cherokees, Seminoles, and Chief Black Hawk all accepted their removal reluctantly by peacefully.

answer

False

question

American settlers in Texas clashed with the Mexican government over issues of slavery, immigration, and legal rights.

answer

True

question

The Whig party was based on a unified ideology for support for states' rights and national expansion into the West.

answer

False

question

William Henry Harrison's background as an ordinary frontiersman born in a log cabin formed the basis for the Whigs' appeal to the common man in 1840.

answer

True

question

A new, seemingly more democratic method of nominating presidential candidates was

answer

the national nominating convention.

question

The Jacksonian charge of a "corrupt bargain" to gain John Quincy Adams the presidency arose because

answer

Clay was named secretary of state after throwing his support to Adams.

question

One political innovation that illustrated the new popular voice in politics was

answer

the rise of national party conventions to nominate presidential candidates.

question

Which of the following was not among the factors that made John Quincy Adams's presidency a political failure?

answer

Adams's involvement with correct machine deals and politicians.

question

In the battle over the "Tariff of Abominations,"

answer

New England backed high tariffs while the South demanded lower duties.

question

Under the surface of the South's strong opposition to the "Tariff of Abominations" was

answer

a fear of growing federal power that might interfere with slavery.

question

Some southeastern Indian tribes like the Cherokees were notable for their

answer

development of effective agricultural, educational, and political institutions.

question

In promoting his policy of Indian removal, President Andrew Jackson

answer

defied rulings of the U.S. Supreme Court that favored the Cherokees.

question

The end result of Jackson's policies concerning the Native Americans was

answer

the forcible removal of most of the southeastern Indians to Oklahoma.

question

In theory, the U.S. government treated the Native American tribes east of the Mississippi River as

answer

sovereign nations with whom the government negotiated and signed binding treaties.

question

John C. Calhoun's theory of "nullification" was based on the idea that

answer

states should be able to declare invalid those laws they deemed unconstitutional.

question

The concept of a political "revolution of 1828" rests on

answer

the weakening of elite control of politics and the increased involvement of ordinary voters in the political process.

question

One of the central beliefs of the new Jacksonian democracy was that

answer

office holding should be opened to as many ordinary citizens as possible.

question

One unfortunate consequence of the spoils system was

answer

an increase in incompetence and corruption in government.

question

The nullification crisis in South Carolina ended when

answer

Henry Clay pushed through a compromise tariff that enabled South Carolina to save face.

question

Jackson's veto of the Bank of the United States recharter bill represented

answer

a bold assertion of presidential power on behalf of western farmers and other debtors.

question

One important result of President Jackson's destruction of the Bank of the United States was

answer

the lack of a stable banking system to finance the era of rapid industrialization.

question

Jackson's Specie Circular declared that

answer

all public lands would have to be purchased with "hard" or metallic money.

question

One of Andrew Jackson's weapons in his war against Nicholas Biddle's Bank of the United States was

answer

removing federal deposits from the bank and transferring them to "pet" state banks.

question

A particular source of friction between the government of Mexico and the immigrant settlers in Texas was

answer

the settlers' importation of slaves.

question

In the immediate aftermath of the successful Texas Revolution,

answer

Texas petitioned to join the United States but was refused admission.

question

The Panic of 1837 and subsequent depression were caused by

answer

overspeculation and Jackson's financial policies.

question

Prominent leaders of the Whig party included

answer

Henry Clay and Daniel Webster.

question

In general, the Whig party tended to favor

answer

a strong federal role in economic and moral issues.

question

Anti-Masonic Party

answer

Small, short-lived third political party that originated a new method of nominating presidential candidates in 1831

question

Corrupt Bargain

answer

Contemptuous Jacksonian term for the alleged political deal by which Clay threw his support to Adams in exchange for a high cabinet office

question

Secretary of State

answer

Office to which President Adams appointed Henry Clay, raising Jacksonian charges of unfair dealings

question

Spoils System

answer

The popular idea that public offices should be handed out on the basis of political support rather than special qualifications.

question

Tariff of Abominations

answer

Scornful southern term for the high Tariff of 1828

question

Nullification

answer

Theory promoted by John C. Calhoun and other South Carolinians that said states had the right to disregard federal laws to which they objected

question

South Carolina Exposition

answer

Pamphlet secretly written by John C. Calhoun that bluntly called on the states to nullify the federal tariff law

question

Political Machines

answer

Highly developed professional political organizations that were "greased" by the offices and favors handed out by winning candidates.

question

Bank of the United States

answer

The "moneyed monster" that Clay tried to preserve and that Jackson killed with his veto in 1832

question

Masons

answer

Ritualistic secret societies that became the target of a momentarily powerful third party in 1832

question

Evangelical Protestants

answer

Religious believers, originally attracted to the Anti-Masonic party and then to the Whigs, who sought to use political power for moral and religious reform

question

Specie Circular

answer

Jackson's Treasury Department decree that required all public lands to be purchased with "hard" money (coins)

question

Trail of Tears

answer

The sorrowful path along which thousands of southeastern Native Americans were moved to Oklahoma

question

Seminoles

answer

Florida tribe that refused to accept removal and waged a bitter war against the American army from 1835 to 1837

question

Mexico

answer

The nation from which Texas won its independence in 1836

question

Whigs

answer

Anti-Jackson political party that generally stood for national community and an activist government

question

Independent Treasury

answer

System of keeping government funds in separate vaults, established by Van Buren's "Divorce Bill" in 1840

question

Log Cabin and Hard Cider

answer

Popular symbols of the somewhat bogus but effective campaign the Whigs used to elect "poor-boy" William Henry Harrison in 1840

question

Davy Crockett

answer

Semiliterate, bear-killing Tennessee congressman whose rough popular appeal exemplified the New Democracy (F)

question

Sequoyah

answer

Cherokee leader who devised an alphabet for his people (K)

question

Henry Clay

answer

Presidential candidate who threw vital support to Adams and then became his secretary of state (C)

question

John Quincy Adams

answer

Aloof New England statesman whose nationalism and elitism made him unpopular in the era of sectionalism and popular democracy (J)

question

Nicholas Biddle

answer

Talented but high-handed bank president who fought a bitter losing battle with the president of the United States (A)

question

Denmark Vesey

answer

Free South Carolina black whose 1822 rebellion raised southern fears about slavery (G)

question

John C. Calhoun

answer

Once an ardent nationalist and vice president of the United States, then increasingly a spokesman for purely southern interests (E)

question

Stephen Austin

answer

Original leader of American settlers in Texas who obtained a huge land grant from the Mexican government (O)

question

Sam Houston

answer

Former Tennessee governor whose victory at San Jacinto in 1836 won Texas its independence (D)

question

Andrew Jackson

answer

Frontier aristocrat, military fold hero, hickory-tough candidate and president (M)

question

Santa Ana

answer

Mexican general and dictator whose large army failed to defeat the Texans (L)

question

Martin Van Buren

answer

Jackson's "magician" secretary of state and his most effective cabinet member (N)

question

Black Hawk

answer

Illinois-Wisconsin area Sauk leader who was defeated by American regulars and militia in 1832 (H)

question

Robert Y. Hayne

answer

Silver-tongued South Carolina senator who defended nullification in a famous debate of 1830 (B)

question

Daniel Webster

answer

Majestic New England statesman who defended "liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable" (I)

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