APUSH Ch 27-28 Part I – Flashcards
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In the late 1910s and early 1920s, Henry Cabot Lodge argued that the United States should A) isolate itself from the other nations of the world B) join its World War I allies in an effort to ensure that Germany remained poor and powerless C) use its power internationally to further its own interests D) unite with other nations in order to make the world a better place for everyone E) become a leading member in the League of Nations
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C) use its power internationally to further its own interests
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Franklin Roosevelt's recognition of the Soviet Union in 1933 resulted in a) all of the answers below. b) relatively little change in the two countries' dislike and distrust of one another. c) a treaty between the two countries to oppose the rise of Japanese aggression. d) significantly increased trade between the two countries.
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b) relatively little change in the two countries' dislike and distrust of one another.
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In the mid-1930s, attempting to reverse the economic situation of the United States, Franklin Roosevelt a) all of the answers below. b) increased the gold value of the dollar. c) forbade American banks to make loans to nations which defaulted on their war debts to the United States. d) raised tariffs on those European goods that competed with American products.
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c) forbade American banks to make loans to nations which defaulted on their war debts to the United States.
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The following pairs match European countries with the political leaders who ruled them at the beginning of World War II. The incorrect pair is a) Italy - Benito Mussolini. b) Portugal - Francisco Franco. c) Soviet Union - Joseph Stalin. d) Germany - Adolf Hitler
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b) Portugal - Francisco Franco.
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President Hoover tried to improve U. S. foreign policy in the early 1930s by all of the following methods except a) interfering in Latin America less than previous presidents. b) trying to persuade Japan to stop its aggressive expansion. c) canceling all war debts owed to the United States. d) working for world disarmament
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c) canceling all war debts owed to the United States.
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During the 1920s and 1930s, the U. S. became involved in European financial difficulties for all of the following reasons except a) U. S. banks were loaning substantial amounts to Germany. b) U. S. companies and banks were investing vast sums in European businesses. c) many European countries owed billions to the U. S. for World War I debts. d) Germany had agreed to pay the U. S. large sums in reparations to compensate for war losses.
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d) Germany had agreed to pay the U. S. large sums in reparations to compensate for war losses.
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At the Washington Conference of 1921, the United States proposed and obtained a treaty to A) prevent a naval arms race among the major world powers B) guarantee world peace for the next few decades C) require Germany to surrender its colonial empire D) prevent Japanese dominance in the Pacific E) limit the stockpiling of arms by Germany
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A) prevent a naval arms race among the major world powers
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The Kellogg-Briand Pact idealistically declared an end to A) the development of atomic weapons B) poverty in third-world nations C) economic imperialism in the Far East D) war as an instrument of national policy E) social inequality in the American South
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D) war as an instrument of national policy
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The plan of Charles G. Dawes produced all the following, except A) increased loans to Germany for reparations B) funds available for Britain and France to repay their reparations C) the Nobel Prize for Dawes D) reductions in the amount Germany owed for reparations E) funds available for Britain and France to repay their war debts
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B) funds available for Britain and France to repay their reparations
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President Hoover tried to improve U.S. foreign policy in the early 1930s by all of the following methods except A) interfering in Latin America less than previous presidents B) trying to persuade Japan to stop its aggressive expansion C) canceling all war debts owed to the United States D) working for world disarmament E) being reluctant to embrace a more energetic internationalism
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C) canceling all war debts owed to the United States
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In the early 1930s, a step toward World War II occurred in Asia when Japan adopted a territorially aggressive policy toward A) the Philippines B) Vietnam C) the Soviet Union D) Korea E) China
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E) China
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Adolf Hitler's principles for Germany included all the following, except A) negotiating a reduction in reparations and paying them in full B) racial superiority of the Aryan people C) anti-Semitism D) passionate militarism E) commitment to providing more living space for the German people
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A) negotiating a reduction in reparations and paying them in full
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When the Roosevelt administration decided that the United States would no longer directly intervene in the affairs of Latin American countries, the new approach became known as A) the Good Neighbor Policy B) Dollar Diplomacy C) the Pan-American Congress D) the Alliance for Progress E) the Fair Deal
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A) the Good Neighbor Policy
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Throughout most of the 1930s, the United States was unwilling to commit itself to working with other countries to restore stability to the world. This attitude was reflected in its foreign policy of A) internationalism B) isolationism C) containment D) globalism E) flexible response
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B) isolationism
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During the 1930s, all of the following were examples of increased isolationist sentiment in the United States except A) the Nye committee's attack on war profiteering during World War I B) the passage of Neutrality Acts that forbade the United States to sell arms to either side in any C) the refusal of most Americans to become involved in the civil war in Spain D) the ratification by the Senate of a treaty making the United States a member of the World E) the passage of legislation to prevent the United States from entering the war future war Court
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D) the ratification by the Senate of a treaty making the United States a member of the World
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In his "quarantine speech," Franklin Roosevelt urged A) a naval blockade of Germany B) development of mass weapons of destruction C) international isolation of aggressive nations D) a return to the isolationism of the 1920s E) the Germans to withdraw from the Soviet Union
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C) international isolation of aggressive nations
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The America First Committee A) organized support for retaliation after Pearl Harbor B) believed that Franklin Roosevelt needed to go further with the Second New Deal C) called for the United States to stay out of World War II D) marched on the Japanese embassy to protest atrocities in China E) focused on bringing social justice to African-Americans
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C) called for the United States to stay out of World War II
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During World War II, the majority of Americans experienced A) a continuance of job shortages and a struggling economy B) profound changes in the social and political structure of their country C) massive destruction in many of the military installations in the United States D) serious shortages of food, medicine, shelter, and other necessities of life E) all of the answers above
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B) profound changes in the social and political structure of their country
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During the Nazi program of exterminating the Jews in Europe, American officials A) knew nothing about Hitler's campaign against the Jews B) were more concerned with the larger goal of winning the war than with the fate of the Jews C) were able to do nothing since Allied land and air forces were not within reach of any of the D) increased the number of visas permitted by law to admit as many as possible of the Jewish E) convinced British officials to protect million of Jewish refugees death camps refugees fleeing the horrors of Europe
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B) were more concerned with the larger goal of winning the war than with the fate of the Jews
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To keep prices from rising too much during World War II, the U.S. government A) created the office of Price Administration B) imposed a system of rationing that tried to keep Americans from buying too much of certain C) established wage and price controls that set limits on increases D) borrowed and taxed large sums from Americans, which left them less money for buying E) all of the answers above
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E) all of the answers above
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Allied advantages during World War II included A) the inability of the Axis Powers to bomb American weapons factories B) American mass production techniques C) the improvement of radar technology D) the improvement of sonar technology E) all of the answers above
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E) all of the answers above
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During American involvement in World War II, African-American leaders tried to end discrimination by A) organizing to demand integration in war-production industries B) using black unions and threatening marches to apply pressure on companies with government C) forcing the government to organize a commission to investigate discrimination D) mobilizing mass popular resistance in the form of sit-ins and demonstrations E) all of the answers above
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E) all of the answers above
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The U.S. government interned many Japanese Americans in "relocation camps" because A) some of them had engaged in conspiracies on behalf of their homeland B) many American military leaders unjustly regarded them as a threat to the security of the West C) they refused to serve in the U.S. armed forces D) they were mainly first-generation immigrants who were born in Japan and retained Japanese E) many had helped pave the way to the attack on Pearl Harbor Coast culture
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B) many American military leaders unjustly regarded them as a threat to the security of the West
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In the case Korematsu v. U.S., the Supreme Court ruled that A) Hideki Tojo should be tried for war crimes B) labor unions could not enlist foreign-born workers C) women could work in war-industry positions of skilled labor D) the attack on Pearl Harbor should not have been a surprise E) the internment of Japanese Americans was constitutional
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E) the internment of Japanese Americans was constitutional
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When the United States used the atomic bomb against Japan at the end of World War II, the president A) felt that he was saving up to one million American lives B) failed to warn the Japanese that utter devastation was about to strike them C) apparently acted to end the war quickly without having to invade Japan D) ignored the fact that the Japanese cabinet had already voted unanimously to accept unconditional surrender. E) all of the answers above
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C) apparently acted to end the war quickly without having to invade Japan
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After the attack on Pearl Harbor led to the U.S. entry into World War II, A) Japan chose to wait almost a year before making another major military assault B) the United States avoided any major military activity in the Pacific for over a year because it was too weak C) Japan inflicted major defeats on U.S. forces in the next few months D) the United States achieved several important victories over the Japanese in the next few months E) the alliance of the United States and Great Britain nearly achieved victory in the Pacific
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C) Japan inflicted major defeats on U.S. forces in the next few months
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During World War II, the first important Allied victory in the Pacific occurred A) in the Philippines B) near Midway Island C) on Guadalcanal Island D) at the Battle of Coral Sea E) on the island of Okinawa
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D) at the Battle of Coral Sea
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During 1942, the United States launched its first major effort against the Germans when it A) sent troops to prevent the Germans from using oil fields inside the Soviet Union B) invaded Italy in an effort to open a second front in Europe C) worked with the British in launching a major offensive in North Africa D) used political and economic pressure to persuade Spain to withdraw from its alliance with Germany E) broke through German defenses surrounding the Soviet Union
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C) worked with the British in launching a major offensive in North Africa
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The Allied invasion of France was postponed until 1944 for all the following reasons except A) the British were opposed to an earlier invasion of France B) losses to the Japanese required diverting troops to the Pacific C) the North African campaign tied up large amounts of Allied resources D) the invasion of Italy required so much time and effort that it set the Allied timetable back a year E) Franklin Roosevelt knew the liberation of France would need a great deal of planning
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B) losses to the Japanese required diverting troops to the Pacific
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During 1942 and 1943, a major Allied defeat occurred A) at Kasserine Pass in Tunisia B) near the Egyptian city of El Alamein C) near the Soviet city of Stalingrad D) on the Italian island of Sicily E) at the Battle of the Bulge
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A) at Kasserine Pass in Tunisia
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When the Americans and the British inflicted major defeats on the Italian Army during 1943, the Italians responded by A) reorganizing their army and tying to regain the lost territory B) removing Mussolini from power and switching to the Allied side C) asking the Germans to reinforce key positions in Italy D) allowing the Allies to occupy the rest of their country without a fight E) invading France by attacking from Belgium
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B) removing Mussolini from power and switching to the Allied side
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During the Nazi program of exterminating the Jews in Europe, American officials A) knew nothing about Hitler's campaign against the Jews B) were more concerned with the larger goal of winning the war than with the fate of the Jews C) were able to do nothing since Allied land and air forces were not within reach of any of the death camps D) increased the number of visas permitted by law to admit as many as possible of the Jewish refugees fleeing the horrors of Europe E) convinced British officials to protect million of Jewish refugees
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B) were more concerned with the larger goal of winning the war than with the fate of the Jews
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During World War II, changes to American domestic life included A) a continuation of the Great Depression B) a significant decrease in personal income C) a drop in pay for most workers D) a rapid industrialization of some of the western states E) a major decline in union membership
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D) a rapid industrialization of some of the western states
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During World War II, the U.S. government used all the following means to control unions except A) getting unions to agree to a "no-strike" pledge B) limiting wage increases to 15 percent C) passing a law to give the president the power to seize a struck war plant D) allowing the president to draft workers into government service E) requiring unions to wait thirty days before striking
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D) allowing the president to draft workers into government service
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To keep prices from rising too much during World War II, the U.S. government A) all of the answers below B) imposed a system of rationing that tried to keep Americans from buying too much of certain products C) established wage and price controls that set limits on increases D) borrowed and taxed large sums from Americans, which left them less money for buying goods E) created the office of Price Administration
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A) all of the answers below
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By the beginning of 1944, the production of American industry for military needs was A) all of the answers below B) failing to meet allied needs C) under the complete control of a single government superagency D) evenly divided between large corporations and small businesses E) supplying more than the government needed
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D) evenly divided between large corporations and small businesses
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Allied advantages during World War II included A) all of the answers below B) American mass production techniques C) the improvement of radar technology D) the improvement of sonar technology E) the inability of the Axis Powers to bomb American weapons factories
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A) all of the answers below
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One area in which the Allies had superior technological quality was A) in the success of creating effective code-breaking technology B) in building better artillery guns than the Germans C) in designing fighter-bombers, a style of plane the Germans did not possess D) in producing a more durable helmet for infantry men E) in building more powerful tanks than the Germans had
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A) in the success of creating effective code-breaking technology
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During American involvement in World War II, African-American leaders tried to end discrimination by A) all of the answers below B) using black unions and threatening marches to apply pressure on companies with government contracts C) forcing the government to organize a commission to investigate discrimination D) mobilizing mass popular resistance in the form of sit-ins and demonstrations E) organizing to demand integration in war-production industries
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A) all of the answers below
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For African-Americans, World War II led to a significant decrease in A) factory jobs for those in Northern cities B) their numbers in the armed forces C) the number willing to accept a status of second-class citizen D) racial tensions in Northern cities E) segregation in the Deep South
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C) the number willing to accept a status of second-class citizen
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World War II changed Native Americans (Indians) by A) all of the answers below B) bringing them into intimate contact with white society C) creating among them a taste for the material benefits of life in capitalist America D) providing many of them with jobs in industry E) causing some to leave reservations for new opportunities
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A) all of the answers below
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During World War II, Mexican Americans experienced A) a decrease in the number of farm jobs available to them B) the successful passage of civil rights bill C) the loss of a significant number of factory jobs D) a sudden shrinkage of their neighborhoods in some western cities E) a small number of violent clashes between them and Anglo-American residents of the West
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E) a small number of violent clashes between them and Anglo-American residents of the West
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The increase in the number of Mexican Americans employed in the United States during the early 1940s resulted from A) better relations between them and the Anglo-American population B) wartime labor shortages C) better living conditions in the cities D) large-scale government programs to reduce discrimination E) a New Deal program targeted to aid Mexican Americans
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B) wartime labor shortages
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Compared with women who worked outside the home before 1939, the new working women of World War II were more likely to be A) all of the answers below B) employed in rural areas C) single rather than married D) younger than in the past E) engaged in heavy industrial work
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E) engaged in heavy industrial work
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During World War II, women who worked outside the home concentrated in A) governmental jobs B) industrial jobs C) food preparation jobs D) military jobs E) educational jobs
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A) governmental jobs
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In the United States, World War II brought a number of important social consequences, including a decrease in the number of A) children who stayed at home alone while their mothers worked B) young people who became involved in criminal activities C) high-school graduates who joined the military D) teenagers enrolled in high school E) people who got married and had children
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D) teenagers enrolled in high school
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Because of angry emotions stirred by World War II, Americans treated harshly immigrants to the United States from the enemy country of A) all of the answers below B) Japan C) Germany D) Italy E) Austria
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B) Japan
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The U.S. government interned many Japanese Americans in "relocation camps" because A) some of them had engaged in conspiracies on behalf of their homeland B) many American military leaders unjustly regarded them as a threat to the security of the West Coast C) they refused to serve in the U.S. armed forces D) they were mainly first-generation immigrants who were born in Japan and retained Japanese culture E) many had helped pave the way to the attack on Pearl Harbor
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B) many American military leaders unjustly regarded them as a threat to the security of the West Coast
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During World War II, the status of Chinese Americans in American society A) improved considerably B) remained roughly the same C) declined slightly D) declined significantly E) improved but declined after 1942
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A) improved considerably
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During the final years of World War II, the New Deal programs of the Roosevelt administration were A) strengthened B) left as they had been before the war C) partially eliminated D) completely dismantled E) increased at an unprecedented pace
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C) partially eliminated
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During the election of 1944, all of the following events occurred except A) the Democrats retained control of the House and the Senate B) the Democrats nominated a moderate in place of the liberal vice president C) the Republicans attempted to take advantage of the people's unhappiness with wartime regimentation D) the Democrats won the presidency and maintained control of both houses of Congress E) the Republicans suggested that the president had done a poor job of conducting the war
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E) the Republicans suggested that the president had done a poor job of conducting the war
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During 1944 and 1945, in an attempt to end the war in western Europe, Allied forces A) all of the answers below B) weakened the German airforce in large air battles C) destroyed German cities with massive bombing raids D) invaded France with a gigantic naval, air, and land force E) attacked German forces in central Europe with large armies of tanks and infantry
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A) all of the answers below
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During the final days of World War II, German troops mounted their last serious resistance in western Europe at the Battle of A) Normandy B) Kasserine Pass C) the Bulge D) Remagen E) the Rhine
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B) Kasserine Pass
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During World War II, the Allies split Europe into two theaters of operation, with A) the Americans and the British fighting in the eastern half and the Soviets fighting in the northern half B) the Americans and the British fighting in the northern half and the Soviets fighting in the southern half C) the Americans and the British fighting in the southern half and the Soviets fighting in the northern half D) the Americans and the British fighting in the eastern half and the Soviets fighting in the western half E) the Americans and the British fighting in the western half and the Soviets fighting in the eastern half
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E) the Americans and the British fighting in the western half and the Soviets fighting in the eastern half
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During 1943 and 1944, the war on the Asian mainland saw all of the following developments except A) Allied troops established a land supply route between India and China B) the allies were frustrated regarding Chiang Kai-Shek's strategic use of troops C) Japanese forces continued to drive deep into the Chinese interior D) Allied forces drove the Japanese out of the outlying Chinese province of Manchuria E) Chinese leaders devoted much of their efforts to fighting Chinese communists instead of Japanese troops
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D) Allied forces drove the Japanese out of the outlying Chinese province of Manchuria
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In 1944, the Japanese lost their capacity to continue a serious naval war at the Battle of A) Guam B) Okinawa C) Iwo Jima D) Leyte Gulf E) Saipan
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D) Leyte Gulf
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The United States began development of the atomic bomb because its leaders A) were afraid the Nazis would develop one first B) wanted a way to stop the Soviet Union from expanding after the war C) saw the possibilities for punishing the Japanese for their conduct during the war D) needed a weapon that could bring a quick end to the war E) were determined to show an example of American ingenuity
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A) were afraid the Nazis would develop one first
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When the United States used the atomic bomb against Japan at the end of World War II, the president A) all of the answers below B) failed to warn the Japanese that utter devastation was about to strike them C) apparently acted to end the war quickly without having to invade Japan D) ignored the fact that the Japanese cabinet had already voted unanimously to accept unconditional surrender. E) felt that he was saving up to one million American lives
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C) apparently acted to end the war quickly without having to invade Japan
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During World War II, American forces A) all of the answers below B) helped liberate North Africa C) drove back the Japanese in the Pacific D) joined other Allied forces in the liberation of France E) helped liberate Italy from German occupation
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A) all of the answers below
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The facist who first came to power was X) Benito Mussolini of Italy
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X) Benito Mussolini of Italy
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The Sino-Japanese War foreshadowed X) the horror and atrocities of World War II
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X) the horror and atrocities of World War II
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Which pair of aggressor nation and invaded nation is incorrect for the 1930's? X) Japan and Korea
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X) Japan and Korea
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The bombing at Pearl Harbor X) Provoked the United States to declare war on Japan
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X) Provoked the United States to declare war on Japan
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The first American offensive operation in the Pacific occurred on X) Guadalcanal Island
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X) Guadalcanal Island
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The Tripartite Pact united X) Italy, Germany, and Japan in a defensive alliance
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X) Italy, Germany, and Japan in a defensive alliance
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From 1936 to 1938, Great Britain and France responded to Germany's occupation of various countries in Europe by X) pursuing a policy of giving Adolf Hitler what he wanted
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X) pursuing a policy of giving Adolf Hitler what he wanted
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World War II began when Britain and France declared war on Germany after its invasion of X) Poland
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X) Poland
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As the Japanese continued their aggression against Asian countries in 1940 and 1941, President Roosevelt X) tried to apply economic pressure by cutting them off from American supplies
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X) tried to apply economic pressure by cutting them off from American supplies
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The fascist who came to power first was X) Benito Mussolini of Italy
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X) Benito Mussolini of Italy
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According to revisionist historians such as Charles Beard, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was X) the result of a deliberate United States plan to maneuver the Japanese into firing the first shot
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X) the result of a deliberate United States plan to maneuver the Japanese into firing the first shot
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According to the author of the textbook, the American fleet was caught by surprise when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor because of X) a combination of confusion and miscalculation caused the government to overlook indications that an attack was imminent
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X) a combination of confusion and miscalculation caused the government to overlook indications that an attack was imminent
