question

Suburbs

answer

Areas of living outside the cities where middle-class families went to live to escape the polarities of the city

question

Baby boom

answer

A cohort of individuals born in the United States between 1946 and 1964, which was just after World War II in a time of relative peace and prosperity. These conditions allowed for better education and job opportunities, encouraging high rates of both marriage and fertility.

question

keynesian economics

answer

An economic theory based on the ideas of twentieth-century British economist John Maynard Keynes. According to Keynesian economics, governments can spend their economies out of a depression by using deficit-spending to encourage employment and stimulate economic growth.

question

AFL-CIO

answer

1955 two larger labor unions united. American Federation Labor- Congress of Industerial Organization. Becoming the largest collection of labor unions.

question

George Meany

answer

United States labor leader who was the first president of the AFL-CIO in 1955 when the two competing organizations merged (1894-1980)

question

Operation Dixie

answer

Failed effort by the CIO after World War II to unionize southern workers, especially in textile factories. Failed due to fear of racial mixing.

question

Antibiotics

answer

Had origins in discoveries of Louis Pasteur and Jules-Francois Joubert and Joseph Lister. Decreased death rate.

question

Salk Vaccine

answer

Introduced by Jonas Salk in 1954 and given out to the public by 1955. It was an inactivated polio vaccine that generates serum antibodies to neutralize the virus in the bloodstream.

question

Televisions

answer

With five million of these sold every year during the 1950s advertising revenues soared, consumer culture

question

IBM

answer

International Business Machines Company introduced major data-processing computers to businesses in the U.S. and abroad. Was a worldwide company leader.

question

Hydrogen Bomb

answer

A nuclear explosive that derives its explosive energy from nuclear fusion. A _________ is x1000 more powerful than an atomic bomb. 1st detonated by US was in 1952.

question

Sputnik

answer

In October 1957, the Soviet Union surprised the world by launching _________, the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth. The resulting outcry in the United States, especially fears that the Soviets were ahead in both space exploration and military missiles, forced the Eisenhower administration to increase defense spending and accelerate America's space program.

question

Apollo Space Program

answer

The purpose of this program was to land men on the moon. It suffered catastrophic setbacks, most notably a fire in January 1967 that killed three astronauts.

question

Neil Armstrong

answer

1st person to walk on the moon; U.S. Apollo 11; July, 1969; his famous words - "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."

question

Disneyland

answer

Disneyland opened in 1955 in Anaheim, California. It was a theme park, developed by Walt Disney and based around his cartoon characters. It was designated as a place for family entertainment.

question

Federal Highway Act

answer

1956-largest public works project in the United States history; Eisenhower signed the law, which built over 40,000 miles of highways in the United States at a cost of $25 billion and created the interstate highway system; ostensibly to create routes for moving military supplies and for emergency evacuation in case of nuclear attack. The highway system made coast-to-coast driving a more common occurrence, and car-oriented vacations became a reality. - The growth of interstate highways allowed for a demographic shift as people vacationed, visited, and moved to areas in the south and southwest—the Sunbelt, from Florida through the deep South, all the way through Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.

question

Fast Food

answer

Became more popular with new highways and road systems. Provided accessible and standardized food at every restaurant.

question

Levittown

answer

In 1947, William Levitt used mass production techniques to build inexpensive homes in surburban New York to help relieve the postwar housing shortage. Levittown became a symbol of the movement to the suburbs in the years after WWII.

question

Dr. Spock

answer

Pediatrician and author of the Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care (1946), which emphasized children's need for the love and care of full-time mothers.

question

David Reisman

answer

Sociologist that introduced the terms Inner-directed and outer-directed, which is one dimension that distinguishes between those of us who consume to please others vs. those who aren't very concerned about what others think; wrote "The Lonely Crowd"; essentially said that postwar generation had conformists because of the new consumerist lifestyle

question

Beat Generation

answer

Group highlighted by writers and artist who stressed spontaneity and spirituality instead of apathy and conformity.

question

Jack Kerouac

answer

A key author of the Beat movement whose best selling novel, On the Road, helped define the movement with it's featured frenzied prose and plotless ramblings.

question

50s Television

answer

late 1940s-1958, consisted of genres + programs w/ radio success, "liveliness", anthology dramas, aimed at urban audiences/urban themes, ad agencies = program providers, single sponsorship, ended w/ Quiz Show Scandals. Family oriented.

question

Rock 'n' Roll

answer

a form of American popular music that evolved in the 1950s out of rhythm and blues, country, jazz, gospel, and pop; the American musical form characterized by heavy rhythms and simple melodies which has spread worldwide having significant impacts on social dancing, clothing fashions, and expressions of protest

question

The Other America

answer

1962 book by Michael Harrington that illuminated the issue of poverty; necessary since many Americans in the suburbs did not recognize the true depth of poverty in America's inner cities

question

Massive Resistance

answer

To "make a stand" against integration, policy declared by U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, Sr. on February 24, 1956 to unite other white politicians and leaders in Virginia in a campaign of new state laws and policies to prevent public school desegregation after the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision in 1954

question

Strom Thurmond

answer

Democratic governor of South Carolina who headed the State's Rights Party (Dixiecrats); he ran for president in 1948 against Truman and his mild civil rights proposals and eventually joined the Republican Party.

question

Brown v. Board of Education

answer

Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public schools was inherently unequal and thus unconstitutional. The decision reversed the previous ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). marked the end of legalized segregation. Required all schools to desegregate with "all deliberate speed," but the interpretation of this left a lot of room for foot dragging, and the battle to integrate schools drug on. Future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall lead attorney for the NAACP, argued the case for the Browns.

question

Little Rock 9

answer

1st group of black students who were able to attend an all white school because President Eisenhower used the military to enforce the Brown v. Board of Education decision

question

Oval Faubus

answer

sent the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the racial integration of Little Rock's Central High School

question

Montgomery Bus Boycott

answer

In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal.

question

Rosa Parks

answer

A black seamstress and the Montgomery NAACP's secretary who became famous for her refusal to stand on a bus when a white man wished to sit, and was subsequently arrested. This began a city-wide boycott of the bus system, which was highly detrimental to those companies and set a movement in place to remove transportation segregation as well.

question

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

answer

A peaceful African-American Civil Right's Activist who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his cause. He was assasinated in 1968 in Tennesee, nobel peace prize for nonviolent leadership. youngest man in history to recieve that award, civil rights activist who delivered the famous "I Have a Dream" speech and also won the Nobel Peace Prize

question

Jackie Robinson

answer

The first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans.

question

Army-McCarthy hearings

answer

The Trials in which Senator McCarthy accused the U.S. Army of harboring possible communists.These trials were one of the first televised trials in America, and helped show America Senator McCarthy's irresponsibility and meanness.

question

John Foster Dulles

answer

American politican principally known for serving as Eisenhower's Secretary of State; drafted the "policy of boldness" designed to confront Soviet aagression with the threat of "massive retaliation" via thermonuclear weapons

question

Massive Retaliation

answer

The "new look" defense policy of the Eisenhower administration of the 1950's was to threaten "massive retaliation" with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by a potential enemy.

question

Brinkmanship

answer

A 1956 term used by Secretary of State John Dulles to describe a policy of risking war in order to protect national interests

question

M.A.D

answer

a policy created during the 1950s by the Soviets and the US that if the Soviets (or US) launched missiles at the US and we knew then we would fire everything we had and then the Soviets would do the same resulting in the destruction of both countries.

question

Dwight Eisenhower

answer

Eisenhower (nicknamed "Ike") later became a very popular 2 term Republican American president. He was elected because he was a WWII war hero. Ike planned the successful Operation Torch attack and was later appointed to be "Supreme Allied Commander" in Europe (he was placed in charge of all generals for all nations allied with the US). His next big plan was Operation Overlord.

question

Eisenhower Doctrine

answer

1957 - Congress and US President pledged US military and economic aid to Middle Eastern nations threatened by communist aggression. Under the Doctrine the US was able to openly land several thousand troops and help restore order without taking a single life.

question

Indochina

answer

France controlled _____________ since the 19th Century. Japan took control during WWII. US and France attempted recolonization in the post war period. The French lost control to Ho Chi Minh's Viet Minh forces in 1954 at Dien Bien Phu. They persisted despite the death toll. President Eisenhower declined to intervene on behalf of the French. Dien Bien Phu is a valley in North Korea and the battle their begins a war of attrition. Afterwards, the north is communist and the south is controlled by a puppet (Diem) who is put in by Kennedy. Diem is a corrupt Catholic in a mostly Buddhist country.

question

Dien Bien Phu

answer

In 1954, Vietminh rebels besieged a French garrison at Dien Bien Phu, deep in the interior of northern Vietnam. In May, after the United States refused to intervene, Dien Bien Phu fell to the communists.

question

Israel

answer

A Jewish state on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean, both in antiquity and again founded in 1948 after centuries of Jewish diaspora.

question

Shah Pahlevi

answer

the unpopular ruler of Iran, who was put into power by the Soviets, Great Britain, and the U.S. during World War II to get rid of the pro-Germany shah of Iran at the time. His unpopularity causes unrest in Iran. Because of the unrest, Pahlavi stocks up on weapons, Iran becomes very militarily powerful Jan. 1979, and Pahlavi is forced to flee by continuous riots and is replaced by Ayatollah R. Khomeini

question

Suez Crisis

answer

(DDE) 1956, , when President Nasser of Egypt announced his intention to build a damn in the Suez to provide power and irrigation to Egypt, the United States offered its financial support, withdrawing it when Nasser spoke with the Communists on the subject. Nasser responded by nationalizing the Suez canal, which was previously owned by British and French stockholders. This hurt Europe by crippling their oil supply, most of which came from the Persian Gulf. The French and British retaliated by striking Egypt, confident that the United States would supply them with the oil they needed while they foughtwith the Middle East. President Eisenhower refused to do so, forcing the allies to withdraw their troops. As a result, U.N. troops acted for the first time to maintain peace and order in the world. Soviets tried to interfere. Eisenhown put the Strategic Air Command on alert.

question

United Fruit Company

answer

Most important foreign economic concern in Guatemala during the 20th century; attempted land reform aimed at United Fruit caused U.S. intervention in Guatemalan politics leading to ouster of reform government in 1954

question

Fidel Castro

answer

Cuban revolutionary leader who overthrew the corrupt regime of the dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 and soon after established a Communist state. He was prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and has been president of the government and First Secretary of the Communist Party since 1976.

question

U-2 Crisis

answer

USSR shot down US spy plane w/ evidence of its spy activities. Khrushchev cancelled E-W summit and repealed Ike's invitation to the USSR. Soviets thought Khrushchev was playing too nice, so he was looking for an excuse to be tougher.

question

Eisenhower Farewell Address

answer

raised the issue of the Cold War and role of the U.S. armed forces. He described the Cold War saying: "We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose and insidious in method..." and warned about what he saw as unjustified government spending proposals and continued with a warning that "we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex... Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together."

question

NDEA

answer

National Defense Education Act; Eisenhower argued that the US must meet the Soviet threat in military power and technological advancement so nationwide testing of high schools to persuade students with high scientific ability

APUSH 28 – Flashcard

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards