APES review water resources – Flashcards
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There is a potential for conflict over water resources among all of the following except
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Turkey and Egypt
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Which of the following is not a property of water?
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liquid water changes temperature very quickly
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Approximately ____% Earth's water is fresh rather than salt water.
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3
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About ___% of the world's water supply exists as uncontaminated fresh water on or close to the surface and is readily available for human use.
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.014
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The hydrologic will naturally purify and recycle fresh water as long as humans don't
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all of these answers
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Porous water-saturates layers of underground rock are known as
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aquifers
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Which of the following is false?
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Groundwater is stationary and does not move
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The global increase in water withdrawal since 1950 is due to all but which of the following?
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climatic variation
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Throughout the world, the most water is used for
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irrigation
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Which of the following statements about fresh water in the United States is false?
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The western United States has worked out amiable water use among farmers and urban dwellers
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The largest use of water in the western United States is
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irrigation
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Major water problems of the western United States include
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chronic drought and insufficent runoff
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Water can be scarce because of
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all of these answers
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Water scarcity from drying up all of the soil because of deforestation or overgrazing is called
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desiccation
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Water scarcity due to increasing numbers of people relying on fixed levels of runoff is called
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water stress
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Water scarcity during a period when precipitation is lower than normal and evaporation is higher than normal is called
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drought
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Most of the world's rivers are
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shared by two countries
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Large dams and reservoirs
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can be used to provide electric power
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Dams
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destroy agricultural land and scenic areas
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China's Three Gorges project will
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destroy two cities each with 100,000 people
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Egypt's Aswan High Dam
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saved rice and cotton crops during two droughts in the 1970s
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The Colorado River provides all of the following except
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a sustainable water supply for an ever-increasing popualtion
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Which of the following has no legal rights to the Colorado River
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Mexico
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Which of the following stated started in 1977 taking its full share of water from the Colorado River, resulting in much higher water prices downstream California?
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Arizona
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Most water-transfer projects illustrate
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the principle that you cant do just one thing
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California's basic water problem stems from the fact that ___% of the population lives south of the Sacramento, but ____% of the rain falls north of it
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75;50
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In California, the greatest user of water is
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agriculture
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Canada's James Bay Project to generate electricity involves
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all of these answers
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The volume of the world's fourth largest freshwater lake has been decreased by almost 75% to provide water for agriculture. The lake is located in
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the former Soviet Union
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Which of the following statements about the Aral Sea is false?
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water has been diverted from the Aral Sea and the two rivers that replenish its water primarily for use in manufacturing
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All of the following would improve the Aral Sea ecological/economic situation except
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shifting displaced fishermen to logging
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In the United Stated, about __ of all drinking water is pumped from aquifers
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1/4`
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The term subsidence refers to
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sinking of ground water has been withdrawn
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Overuse of groundwater can lead to
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all of these answers
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Currently, groundwater in the United States is being withdrawn____its replacement rate
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four times
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The Ogallala Aquifer
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is being used eight times faster than its being recharged
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The relationship between water demand and policies that subsidize water-thirsty crops exemplifies
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a positive feedback loop
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Desalination may be accomplished by
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distillation
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Which of the following statements about desalination is true
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it is expensive
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Which choice completes the sentence incorrectly? Cloud seeding
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is most useful in dry areas
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It is important economically and environmentally sound to focus water resource management on
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increasing the efficiency of the way we use water
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Approaches in increasing the water supply can be outstripped by
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all of these answers
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World Resources Institute estimates that___ of water people use throughout the world is wasted through evaporation, leaks, and other losses
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65-70%
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Water is wasted because
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water prices are artificially low
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Water would be used more efficiently if
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all of these answers
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Riparian rights
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is the only method that can be used to apportion water rights
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In the East, most water use is based on
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riparian rights
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In the West, most water use is based on
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prior appropriation
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Most irrigation systems lose about half of their water to
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all of these answers
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Which of the following offers the greatest conservation of water?
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trickle of water
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Wasting water through irrigation could be reduced by
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all of these answers
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All of the following are available to improve water efficiency except
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condensing water vapor from indoor air
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People have often settled on floodplains because
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all of these answers
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The main human activity that increases flooding is
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destroying vegetation
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Floods and droughts are
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human-activated problems
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Humans increase the likelihood of flooding by
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all of these answers
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The monsoon season can
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all of these answers
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Which of the following conditions in the Himalayan watershed contributes to flooding in Bangladesh?
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rapid population growth
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Overpopulation and poverty force people to live on floodplains and deplete mangrove forests. Chances of flooding increase and death toll rises. This case best exemplifies
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a negative feedback loop
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Stream Channelization
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increases the rate of water discharge
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Ecologically, the best way to approach flooding is
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floodplain management
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Sustainable use of water involves
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all of these answers
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Sustainable use of water
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all of these answers
