AP World History Unit 3 Study Guide – Flashcards
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One new industry that resulted directly from Silk Road trade was...?
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The knowledge of gunpowder
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During the 13th century, long-distance trade in Eurasia increased primarily because...?
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The Mongols worked to secure trade routes and ensure safety of merchants passing through their vast territories
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What was the role of Mongol women in politics?
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Women from prestigious families were often powerful in negotiation and management
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Which of the following was not one of the techniques employed by the mongols to defeat the armies they faced?
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Diplomacy
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What was the religoius policy of the Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan?
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He followed the shamanistic beliefs of his ancestors, but all religions were tolerated in his empire
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Following Chinggis Khan's death, what was the provision for the administration of the empire?
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It was divided into four regional kingdoms, or khanates, ruled by his sons and grandsons
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What was the political organization of Russia at the time of the Mongol invasion in the first half of the thirteenth century?
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Russia was divided into numerous petty kingdoms centered on trading cities
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Which military innovation did the Mongols expose Europeans to for the first time?
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Catapult
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What tactic on the field of battle was employed most frequently by Chinggis Khan's forces?
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Pretended flight to draw the enemy out followed by heavy cavalry attacks on the flanks
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Which of the following was NOT one of the positive aspects of Chinggis Khan's imperial rule?
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He ordered the creation of huge pastures in northern China for the use of the Mongol clans
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The Mongol domination resulted in the destruction of...?
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The Mongols discontinued the use of the examination system to keep the scholar-gentry from gaining too much power
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The political and social structure of the Mongols in the years preceeding their conquests was based primarily on...?
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Kinship ties; powerful clans dominated weaker families
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An advantage of Mongol rule was that...?
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It prompted the spread of ideas and movement of people in Eurasia
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The Greek historian Herodotus portrayed steppe nomads as...?
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Superb horsemen, herdsmen, and hunters
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The Mongol leader, the Khan...?
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Had his decisions ratified by a council
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The religion of Central Asian nomads was...?
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A diverse mixture of various religions
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What metal was crucially important to the Central Asian nomads?
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Iron
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The first Monol conquests under Genghis Khan were in...?
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China
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Why did Mongols refrain from attacking Central Europe in 1241?
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The death of the Great Khan
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Narratives such as Marco Polo's created a European...?
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Ambition to find easier routes to Asia
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The Mongol expansion...?
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Created a flow of disease via the trade routes
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The conflict between Il-Khan and the Golden Horde originated in...?
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Religious differences
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In 1295 the Il-Khan ruler Ghazan converted to which religion?
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Islam
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Tax farming is...?
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The sale of tax collecting contracts to small corporations
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Who is Juvaini?
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The first to write the history of the Mongols
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Why was there a central flowering in Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia under the Timurids?
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Iran and China shared artistic trends and political ideas
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Who attempted to write the first world history?
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Rashid al-Din
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Islamic mathematician Nasir al-Din strongly influenced...?
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Copernicus
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The Timurids supported the advancement of astronomical observation particularly the discovery of...?
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Eclipse prediction
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How did the Mongol control impact Russia's Orthodox church?
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They were granted great privileges
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Which city became Russia's dominant political center under the Mongols?
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Moscow
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Mongol rule of Russia was overthrown by...?
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Ivan III
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As in Anatolia and the states of Eastern Europe, the Teutonic knights fought...?
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The Mongols
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Mongol armies often consisted of...?
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A multinational force with Mongol leaders
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Which of the following did the Europeans not learn about form the Mongols?
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Porcelain
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In 1453, the Ottomans conquered which important Christian city?
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Constantinople
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The Mongols were influenced by religious leaders from...?
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Tibet
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Why didn't China as we think of it today exist before the Mongols?
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The Mongols reunited China permanently
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The Yuan tax administration relied on...?
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Persian, Arab, and Uighur administrators
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Much to the distress of the Confucians, the Mongols elevated the status of the...?
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Merchants
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To solve the problem of credit, the Mongols provided...?
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Paper money and copper coins
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One impact of the rise of cities under Mongol rule was...?
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Increased influence of Mandarin
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Which of the following is not one of the aspects for Mongol rules that created hardship and sharp population decrease?
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Their insistance that the Chinese practice agriculture rather than trade
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The Mongols encouraged the sharing and exchange of all of the following except for...?
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Confucianism
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In 1368 the Yuan Empire was overthrown and replaced by the...?
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Ming Kingdom
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To demonstrate their rejection of the Mongols, the Ming emperor...?
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Severed relations with the Middle East, Central Asia, and closed their borders to foreigners
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The Emperor Yongle improved the imperial complex built by the Mongols called the...?
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Forbidden City
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Emperor Yongle restored commercial links with the Middle East by...?
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Exploring maritime connections and encouraged the voyages of Zheng He
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Zheng He's primary accomplishment was...?
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Acquiring Ming tributary states
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Why didn't Ming China develop seafaring for commercial and military gain?
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The Mongol threat from the North took priority over seafaring
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How did the Byzantines differ from their western counterparts?
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They continued the pattern of Roman rule
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By the end of the 12th century, the Byzantine Empire had lost a great deal of territory to...?
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Muslim invaders from the Arabian Peninsula
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The 6th century plague of Justinian was...?
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An outbreak of bubonic plague during Justinian's rule
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After the 7th century, Byzantine women...?
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Won increased rights to property and inheritance
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Among the Byzantine cultural achievements are...?
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Their architectural tradition and cyrillic writing
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After the fall of Rome in the 5th century, the Western Roman Empire...?
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Fragmented into a handful of Germanic kingdoms
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The decline of the Roman Empire resulted in the development of linguistic zones of...?
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Romance, Germanic, and Slavic languages
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What Scandanavian raiders built kingdoms in Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland?
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Vikings
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The primary centers for agricultural production were...?
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Self-suficient farming estates known as manors
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Agricultural workers who belonged to the major and were obligated to the lord were...?
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Serfs
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Why is the traditional description of Europe from 300-1200 as "feudal" an oversimplification?
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The relations between land owners and serfs varied from region to region
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The division of the Muslim community grew because some believed that...?
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Ali was the legitamate religious leader after Muhammad
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What are the names of the two sects of Islam that resulted from the division of the Muslim community?
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Sunni and Shi'a
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The Sasanid Empire was centered in the area that is present day...?
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Iran
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Mecca is an important city because it...?
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Is a caravan city and pilgrimage site of the Ka'ba
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Muhammad conceived Islam after...?
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Experiencing revelations
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Muslim means...?
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One who makes submission to God
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Islam means...?
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Surrender to the will of God
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Muhammad's teachings seem to be in agreement with...?
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Judaism and Christianity
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Meccan leaders felt threatened by Muhammad's popularity and threatened his followers. This led to Muhammad fleeing Mecca, his flight was known as...?
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Hijra
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The unified community accepting Islam and believing that Muhammad was known as the "Messenger of God" was called the...?
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Umma
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After the city of Mecca surrendered to Muhammad, he established a new state based on a...?
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Loose coalition of Arab city states
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After Muhammad's death, the Muslim community...?
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Chose a caliph, Abu Bakr
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Muslim religious practice is based on the...?
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Five Pillars
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Muhammad's revelations from the Angel are compiled in a book called the...?
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Quran
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According to the chapter, how does the Quran differ from the Bible?
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It contains the unalterable word of God
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The Muslims fought the Battle of the Camel in a dispute over the...?
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Legitimacy of Ali as caliph
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Why is the martyrdom of Husayn a significant event in Muslim history?
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It marks the beginning of the sect of Shi'ism
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Muslims who believe that the first three caliphs were properly selected are called...?
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Sunnis
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Pre-Islamic Arab Society was characterized as...?
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Pastoral nomadic
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Which of the following statements about women in early Islam is true?
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Women had the right to control their own property
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What does not belong in a list describing the status of Muslim women in the early Islamic period?
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Females and males both were allowed multiple spouses
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What was a reason for the rapid expansion of the Islamic/Arab Empire in the century following the death of Muhammad?
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The weakened condition of the Byzantine and Persian Empires
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What area was not under Muslim control under the leadership of the caliphs?
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Eastern Europe
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What statement is not true about Arab armies in their empire?
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They wanted to convert as many people as possible to Islam
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The decline of the Umayyad dynasty was due to...?
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Growing unrest among non-Arab Muslims who demanded access to political power
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Why is the Abbasid rule considered a "golden age?"
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It created a refined and cosmopolitan culture in Baghdad
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Despite the fact that conversions ot Islam were at their peak, Abbasid power declined because of the...?
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Empires becoming too big to rule effectively
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The caliphs acquired a standing army of Turkish mercenaries called...?
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Mamluks
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After failing to reform their government and military, the Abbasid caliphate fell under the influence of the...?
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Buyid family of Northern Iran
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Umayyad Spain developed a distinctive Islamic culture because of the...?
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Blending of Roman, Germanic, Jewish, Arab, and Berber traditions
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Under Islamic leadership, the Jewish people of Spain...?
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Contributed to the cultural growth of Spain as great thinkers and writers
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The Ulama were...?
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Religous scholars
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What is not true about the rule of the Seljuk Empire?
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Mesopotamia grew in population and influence
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The Muslim leader who successfully fought the European Crusades was...?
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Saladin
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The foundation of Islamic civilization of the Shari'a or...?
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Law
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The great vision of the Shari'a is an umma with...?
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Common moral values, minimizing ethnic, and politics
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What is hadith?
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A collection of Muhammad's words and deeds
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Conversion to Islam was primarily a result of...?
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Gradually learning about Islam
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What about Muslim women is not true?
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They often played a role in public life
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Sufism is significant in being...?
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A quest for direct union with God through rituals and training
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What well-traveled Muslim scholar left a journal that has become a valuable historical source?
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Ibn Battuta
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The rainy and dry seasons of the Indian Ocean reflect the influence of...?
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The monsoons
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To accomodate the uneven distribution of rainfall, the south Indian farmers...?
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Constructed elaborate irrigation canals
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The most abundant metal worked in the tropics was...?
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Iron
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Africa exported large quantities of what mineral across the Red Sea, Sahara, and Indian Ocean?
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Copper
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The empires of Mali in West Africa and Delhi in Southern Asia both utilized...?
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Islamic administration
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The spread of Islam to lands south of the Sahara came about through...?
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A gradual and peaceful process of conversion
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In contrast to the kingdom of Ghana that preceeded it, what cannot be said about Mali?
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It was smaller
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Mansa Musa made a famous pilgrimage that...?
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Served to demonstrate the enormous wealth of his country
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In addition to fulfilling his personal religoius obligations, Mansa Musa's pilgrimage resulted in the...?
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Construction of new mosques and Quranic schools in Mali
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The Turkish invaders successfully invaded India due to...?
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The division of India into small states
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The Turkish conquest of Northern India was aided by...?
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Iron Stirrups
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Sultan Iltutmish passed his empire to Raziya, his...?
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Daughter
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The Delhi Sultans controlled their empire in India by...?
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Terror and high taxes
