AP World History Chapter 1 – Flashcards
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Slash and Burn Agriculture
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A system of cultivation typical of shifting cultivators; forest floors cleared by fire are then planted
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Bands
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a level of social organization normally consisting of 20 or 30 people; nomadic hunters and gatherers; labor divided on a gender basis
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Catal Huyuk
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Early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in mondern southern Turkey; was larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social strification
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Civilization
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societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of non farming elites, as well as merchant and manufactoring groups
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Coneiform
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A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets
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Nomad
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Cattle and sheep herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly reffered to as "barbarian" by civilized societies
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Mesopotamia
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Literally "between the rivers"; the civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys
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Sumerians
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People who migrated into mesopotamia c. 4000 B.C.E.; created first civilization within region; organized area into city states
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Ziggurats
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Massive towers usually associated with mesopotamian temple complexes
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City-State
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A form of political organization typical of mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agricultural lands ruled by an urban based king
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Babylonian
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extended their own empire and thus helped bring civilization to other parts of the Middle East; unified mesopotamia
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Hammurabi
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The most important ruler of the Babylonian empire; responsible for Condification of law
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Pharaoh
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Title of kings of ancient Egypt
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Pyramids
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Monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharohs
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Kush
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An African State that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 1000 BCE; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries
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Indus River Valley
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River sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of the Harappan Civilization
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Harappa and Mohenjo Daro
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Major urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern
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Huangne (Yellow River)
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Site of development of sedentary agriculture in china
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Ideographs
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Pictographic characters grouped together to create nerw concepts typical of Chinese writing
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Shang
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First Chinese dynaty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huangne; flourished 1600 to 1046 BCE
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Phoenicians
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Sea faring civilization located on the shores of the Eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean
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Monotheism
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The exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into western civilization
