AP World History ch. 25 – Flashcards
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Father Miguel de Hidalgo
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Mexican priest who established independence movement among American Indians and mestizos in 1810; despite early victories, was captured and executed
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Father Morelos
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1815; Mestizo independence leader of Mexico who wanted to abolish slavery and institue land reform; was captured and executed
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Augustin de Iturbide
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Conservative Creole officer in Mexican army who signed agreement with insurgent forces of independence; combined forces entered Mexico City in 1821; later proclaimed emperor of Mexico until its collapse in 1824
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Simon Bolivar
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Creole military officer in northern South America; won series of victories in in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador between 1817 and 1822; military success led to creation of independent state of Gran Colombia
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Jose de San Martin
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Leader of independence movement in Rio de la Plata; led to independence of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata by 1816; later led independence movement in Chile and Peru as well
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Dom Pedro I
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aided in the declaration of Brazilian independence from Portugal in 1822; became constitutional emperor of Brazil
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Gran Colombia
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idea of a united South America; failed due to regional differences
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United Provinces of La Plata
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the united state created by Jose de San Martin, depite the fact that the provinces were far from united
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Federalist
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supported strong local governments
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Centralist
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supported strong central governments
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Monroe Doctrine
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American declaration stated in 1823; established that any attempt of a European country to colonize in the Americans would be considered a unfriendly act by the United States; supported by Great Britain as a means if opening Latin American trade
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Auguste Comte
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French philosopher (19th century); founder of positivism, a philosophy that stressed observation and scientific approaches to the problems of society
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Santa Anna
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seized power in Mexico after collapse of empire of Mexico in 1824; tried to tighten controls on Mexican territories; defeated by the United States in Mexican-American War in 1848; unseated by liberal rebellion in 1854
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Treaty of Guadalupe- Hidalgo
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1854; treaty that ended the Mexican-American War; U.S. accquired half of Mexican territory
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La Reforma
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1854; liberal revolt led by Benito Juarez against Santa Anna in Mexico
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Benito Juarez
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leader of of liberal rebellion against Santa Anna; liberal government defeated by French intervention under Napoleon and establishment of Mexican Empire under Maximillion; restored to power in 1867 until his death in 1872
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Manuel de Rosas
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leader who united the province of Argentina under federalism; favoured the ranchers; as economy increased, profits weren't shared with the rest of the province; overthrown in 1852
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Alberdi
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leader who formed a strong centralist state in Argentina; encouraged immigration
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Sarmiento
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leader who brought many political and social reforms to Argentina
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Pedro II
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1840: Enlightened ruler in Brazil with middle calss values; economic growth
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Conselheiro
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religious mystic who gained followers in the 1890s
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NeoClassicism
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based on Greek and Roman styles; nationalism
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Romanticism
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emontion and passion; Native Americans, slavery, etc.
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Realism
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Presented things as they really existed
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Panama Canal
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an aspect of American intervention in Latin America; resulted from United States support for a Panamanian independence movement in return for a grant to exclusive rights to a canal across the Panama isthmus; provided short route between Atlantic and Pacific oceans; completed in 1914
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Spanish American War
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War fought between Spain and the United States beginning in 1898; centered on Cuba and Puerto Rico; permitted American intervention in Caribbean, annextion of Puerto Rico and the Philippines
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Caudillos
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military leaders who dominated local areas with small armies
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