AP world history ch 19 terms bentley – Flashcards
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stateless societies
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term realating to societies such as those of sub saharan africa after the Bantu migrations that featured decentralized rule through family and kinship groups instead of strongly centralized rule.
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Sundiata
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founder of the Mali empire (r 1230-1255) also the inspiration of Sundiata, the african literary and mythological work. he won gold control.
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Mali
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west african kingdom founded in the 13th century by Sundiata; it reached its peak under Mansa Musa
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Mansa Musa
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Sundiata's grand nephew who ruled Mali from 1312-1337 during its high point. he observed Islamic traditions and made a pilgrimmage to Mecca
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Swahili
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east African city state that dominated the coast and was active in trade
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Swahili city states
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port cities in convienient locations in east Africa (malindi, mosambique, Zanzibar, Lamu etc) they were goverened by a king who supervised trade and organized public life
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kingdom of Kongo
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central African state that began trading with Portugese
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Ghana
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Kingdom in West Africa during the 5th - 13th centuries whose rulers eventually converted to Islam. power and wealth of this kingdom were based on dominating trans-saharan trade
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qadi
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islamic judges
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zimbabwe
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"dwelling of a chief" complex stone structures
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the great zimbabwe
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maginificent stone complex near modern day zimbabwe
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Ibn Battuta
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moroccan traveler who visted many west african places and recorded and reported what he saw. he was offended by the lack of modesty in the area he went to
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faqih
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legal scholar
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zanj
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black slaves from swahili coast; they labored under awful conditions
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the zanj revolt
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led by Ali bin Muhammad in 869, thousands of zanj slaves revolted and captured Basra, the most important city in mesopotamia. demonstrated that african slavery was so porminent in Muslim society
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animism
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religious belief that natural things (trees, rivers, rocks) and animals have spirtual essence
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diviners
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intelligent people who had innate abilities to meditate between human and supernatural worlds and ask gods for help with questions or problems
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axum
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a city and kingdom in northern ethiopia that was a major naval trading power
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kebra negast
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"the glory of the kings" an acount written about the line of rulers descending from king soloman and david
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griots
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oracle stroytellers
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Native religions of sub-Saharan Africa
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-pagans w/ diviners (Kongo, smaller societies) -Islam (from north Africa- Ghana, Zimbabwe)
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Gender relations in sub-Saharan Africa
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-high honor b/c they were sources of life -could have limited jobs (making pottery, trading, planting and harvesting crops) - domestic work
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How did Islam help facilitate trade in Africa?
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- improved relations and cooperation with Muslims in northern Africa
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Mansa Musa- influence on Mali?
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-grand nephew of Sundiata (founder of Mali) -ruler of Mali during high point -wealthiest king in the world (gold) -promoted Islam - created strong centralized govt that outlived the Mali Empire
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Bantu political structure
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stateless society
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Stateless society
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-Bantu political structure -NO hierarchy/ govt officials -male heads of families formed councils and kinship groups
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How did Mali become wealthy?
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-taxes on trade
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What helped establish sub-Saharan trade routes?
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-camels -Islam
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What were the Swahili city states? What were they heavily involved in?
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- east African coast - Mogadishu, Lamu, Malindi, Momvasa, Zanzibar, Kilwa, Mozambique, Sofala - TRADE!!
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The remarkable oral tradition of sub-Saharan Africa was preserved primarily by
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professional singers and griots
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The story of Sundiata was about
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the heroic deeds of the lion prince in establishing the Mali empire
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Trade and communications networks were slower to penetrate sub-Saharan Africa compared to other regions because
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there was formidable geographic barriers to overcome (Sahara desert)
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The earliest Bantu migrants were
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agriculturalists
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The kingdom of Kongo maintained a royal currency system based on
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cowries from the Indian Ocean
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The arrival of camels in Africa
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quickened the pace of communication across the Sahara
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Koumbi-Saleh was to the kingdom of Ghana as
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Niani was to the Mali Empire
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Swahili refers to the peoples of
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the east African coast.
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Great Zimbabwe was
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a capital city built of stone
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After the eleventh century, the slave trade became increasingly important in Africa because
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demand for slaves in foreign markets outstripped the supply
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Unlike many other religions, African religion did not concern itself with matters of
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theology
