AP US Midterm Review Chapter 25 (Great Depression ; New Deal) – Flashcards
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How did American farmers try to make up for lower prices offered for farm goods?
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Increased production
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What did African Americans in the North discover about their jobs?
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If industry cut production, they were fired first.
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What were Mexican born workers subject to?
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deportation by immigration officials
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Why didn't women deprive men of jobs?
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Women's jobs were heavily concentrated in particular occupations dominated by women.
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Who did urban school systems refuse to hire in the 1930s?
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Married women as teachers.
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Did the number of women working outside the home increase or decrease during the 1930s?
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Increase
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What was the response to the depression from prominent business leaders?
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They believed economic downturns were beneficial and should be allowed to run its course.
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POUR
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To generate private contributions for relief of the destitute
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True or False: Hoover used fed funds to feed drought-stricken livestock but rejected the use of fed money to feed farm families.
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True
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Hawley Smoot Tariff
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Weakened the economy because other nations passed tariffs on US goods
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Reconstruction Finance Corporation
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Provided federal loans to banks, insurance companies, and rr.
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Primary Objective of Farmers Holiday Association
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Keep farm products off the market until prices improved
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What was the Bonus Expeditionary Force composed of?
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Unemployed veterans of WWI
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What was Hoovers response to the BEF?
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Labeled them as insurrectionists and sent the US army to disperse them
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What caused the banking crisis in 1929?
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Risky loans made during the 1920s
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Emergency Banking Relief Act
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Reopened banks that were solvent and reorganization of those that were not.
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NIRA
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Ending competition among competing businesses by allowing them to cooperate by limiting production, establishing prices and settling workers' wages
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NRA
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codes established reflected the interests of major corporations and not the consumer
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Why did the NIRA come to an end?
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The SC ruled it unconstitutional.
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Agricultural Adjustment Act
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Attempted to restore purchasing power to farmers by encouraging men to limit their production of specific crops.
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What was a consequence of the AAA?
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Resulted in the removal of many southern sharecroppers
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Public Works Administration
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Designed to spur economic recovery by pumping fed money into the economy.
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American Liberty League
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Attempted to turn southern whites against the New Deal by giving money to a racist group in the South
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Father Charles Coughlin
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Blamed the depression on an international conspiracy of Jewish bankers.
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Francis E Townsend
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Advocated for gov't payments of $200 per month to all citizens over the age of 60.
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Share Our Wealth Society
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Advocated for a guaranteed annual income to each family
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Federal Writes Project
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Collected and published the stories of many freed slaves
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Social Security Act of 1935
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Workers and employers paid for old-age benefits
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What was FDR's approach to big business during the 2nd Hundred Days?
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Hit business with antitrust suits and higher corporate taxes.
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Northern African Americans
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Generally voted Republican but became a major part of the New Deal coalition
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Wealthy business people
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Least likely to belong to the ND coalition.
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How did American employers respond to workers attempts to unionize?
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Refused to recognize unions.
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National Labor Relations Act
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Granted workers the right to unionize and bargain collectively with management.
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National Labor Relations Board
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The enforcement arm of the National Labor Relations Act
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What did the industrial unions that came to power represent?
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All workers within a certain industry, skilled and unskilled.
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Congress of Industrial Organizations
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Allowed women and nonwhites as members
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American Federation of Labor
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Didn't allow women and nonwhites as members
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United Auto Workers Strike
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General Motors agreed to recognize the union
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What did the federal government gain as a result of building dams?
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Control over the future of the West because they had control of water and hydroelectric power
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Tennessee Valley Authority
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Degraded water by dumping waste and pollutants into rivers and streams
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FDR's Court Packing Plan
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Failed but the SC began to render pro New Deal decisions
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What was FDR's desire to do at the beginning of his second term?
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Balance the budget
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How did FDR respond to the 1937-39 recession?
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Revived deficit spending
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Why did FDR seek a third term as president?
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The rise of an aggressive Germany under the leadership of Hitler
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Why were the gains of nonwhite Americans limited?
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FDR needed support from southern Democrats to secure passage of his legistlation
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Why did African Americans support FDR?
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His New Deal programs helped them in their struggle for economic survival
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Why was the New Deal considered a failure?
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It didn't end unemployment.
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What ended the Great Depression?
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The massive spending of the US government in WWII.
