AP Psychology, Chapter 13 Emotion study guide – Flashcards

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Which of the following is correct regarding the relationship between arousal and performance?
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on easy tasks, performance is optimal when arousal is high
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Which division of the nervous system is especially involved in bringing about emotional arousal?
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sympathetic nervous system
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Concerning emotions and their accompanying body responses, which of the following appears to be true?
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many emotions involve similar body responses but have different underlying brain circuits
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The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion states that:
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the conscious experience of an emotion occurs at the same time as the body's physical reaction
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Electrical stimulation of which brain region can produce terror or rage in cats?
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limbic system
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The body's response to danger is triggered by the release of___by the____gland(s).
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epinephrine and norepinephrine; adrenal
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Which of the following was not raised as a criticism of the James-Lange theory of emotion?
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people with spinal cord injuries at the neck typically experience less emotion
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(Thinking critically) Current estimates are that the polygraph is inaccurate approximately_____of the time.
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one-third
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In the Schacter-Singer experiment, which college men reported feeling an emotional change in the presence of the experimenter's highly emotional confederate?
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those receiving epinephrine but not expecting to feel physical arousal
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Which of the following is true regarding happiness?
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people who are socially outgoing or who exercise regularly tend to be happier
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Catharsis will be most effective in reducing anger toward another person if:
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your anger is directed specifically toward the person who angered you
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Emotions consist of which of the following components?
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physiological reactions, behavioral expressions, conscious feelings
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Law enforcement officials sometimes use a lie detector to assess a suspect's responses to details of the crime believed to be known only to the perpetrator. This is known as the:
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guilty knowledge test
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Research on nonverbal communication has revealed that:
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facial expressions tend to be the same the world over, while gestures vary from culture to culture
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In laboratory experiments, fear and joy:
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intimacy and personal increase heart rate and stimulate different facial muscles
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Research suggests that people generally experience the greatest well-being when they strive for:
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intimacy and personal growth
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Research indicates that a person is most likely to be helpful to others if he or she:
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is happy
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With regard to emotions, Darwin believed that:
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the expression of emotions helped our ancestors to survive, all humans express basic emotions using similar facial expressions, and human facial expressions of emotion retain elements animals' emotional displays
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A graph depicting the course of positive emotions over the hours of the day since waking would:
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rise over the early hours and dissipate during the day's last several hours
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Evidence that changes in facial expression can directly affect people's feelings and body states has convinced Robert Zajonic that:
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cognition is not necessary for emotion
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the tendency to react to changes on the basis of recent experience
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adaptation-level phenomenon
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an individual's self-perceived happiness
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subjective well-being
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emotional release
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catharsis
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the tendency to evaluate our situation negatively against that of other people
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relative deprivation principle
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emotions consist of physical arousal and a cognitive label
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two-factor theory
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an emotion-arousing stimulus triggers cognitive and body responses simultaneously
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Cannon-Bard theory
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the division of the nervous system that calms the body following arousal
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parasympathetic nervous system
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the division of the nervous system that activates arousal
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sympathetic nervous system
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a device that measures the physiological correlates of emotion
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polygraph
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the tendency of people to be helpful when they are in a good mood
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feel-good, do-good phenomenon
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we are sad because we cry
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James-Lange theory
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Which of the following most accurately describes emotional arousal?
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emotions prepare the body to fight or flee
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Schachter's two-factor theory emphasizes that emotion involves both:
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physical arousal and a cognitive label
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When students studied others who were worse off than themselves, they felt greater satisfaction with their own lives. This is an example of the principle of:
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relative deprivation
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Which theory of emotion emphasizes the simultaneous experience of body response and emotional feeling?
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cannon-bard theory
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Izard believes that there are____basic emotions.
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10
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(thinking critically) the polygraph measures:
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physiological indexes of arousal
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people who are exhuberant and persistently cheerful show increased activity in the brain's________, which is rich in receptors for the neurons for the neurotransmitter______.
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left frontal lobe; dopamine
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Which of the following is true regarding gestures and facial expressions?
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facial expressions are universal; gestures, culture-specific
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Which theory of emotion implies that every emotion is associated with a unique physiological reaction?
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james-lange theory
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For which of the following fears do humans appear to be biologically prepared?
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fear of cliffs
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Which of the following was not presented in the text as evidence that some emotional reactions involve no deliberate, rational thinking?
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arousal of the sympathetic nervous system will trigger an emotional reaction even when artificially induced by an injection of epinephrine
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Concerning the catharsis hypothesis, which of the following is true?
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expressing anger can be temporarily calming if it does not leave one feeling guilty or anxious
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in an emergency situation, emotional arousal will result in:
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increased rate of respiration, increased blood sugar, and a slowing of digestion
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a relatively high level of arousal would be most likely to facilitate:
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sprinting 100 meters
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several studies have shown that physical arousal can intensify just about any emotion. for example, when people who have been physically aroused by exercise are insulted, they often attributed their arousal to the insult. this finding illustrates the importance of:
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cognitive labels of arousal in the conscious experience of emotions
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(thinking critically) many psychologists are opposed to the use of lie detectors because:
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polygraphs cannot distinguish the various possible causes of arousal
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most humans fears are:
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learned
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in studying what makes people angry, james averill found that most people become angry:
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several times a week
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which of these factors have researchers not found to correlate with happiness?
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education
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in cultures that emphasize social interdependence:
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negative emotions are rarely displayed
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you are on your way to school to take a big exam. suddenly, on noticing that your pulse is racing and that you are sweating, you feel nervous. with which theory of emotion is this experience most consistent?
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james-lange theory
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When professor simon acquired a spacious new office, he was overjoyed. six months later, however, he was taking the office for granted. his behavior illustrates the:
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adaptation-level phenomenon
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after brenda scolded her brother for forgetting to pick her up from school, the physical arousal that had accompanied her anger diminished. which division of her nervous system mediated her physical relaxation?
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parasympathetic division
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two years ago maria was in an automobile accident in which her spinal cord was severed, leaving her paralyzed from the neck down. today, maria finds that she experiences emotions less intensely than she did before her accident. this tends to support which theory of emotion?
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james-lange theory
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the candidate stepped before the hostile audience, panic written all over his face. it is likely that the candidate's facial expression caused him to experience:
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an intensification of his fear
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jane was so mad at her brother that she exploded at him when he entered her room. that she felt less angry afterward is best explained by the principle of:
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catharsis
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after hitting a grand-slam home run, mike noticed that his heart was pounding. later that evening, after nearly having a collision while driving on the freeway, mike again noticed that his heart was pounding. that he interpreted this reaction as fear, rather than as ecstasy, can best be explained by the:
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two-factor theory
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as part of her job interview, jan is asked to take a lie-detector test. jan politely refuses and points out that:
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a guilty person can be found innocent by the polygraph, an innocent person can be found guilty, and these tests err one-third of the time
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a student participating in an experiment concerned with physical responses that accompany emotions reports that her mouth is dry, her heart is racing, and she feels flushed. can the emotion she is experiencing be determined?
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no, it cannot be determined from the information given
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who will probably be angrier after getting a parking ticket?
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dan, who just completed a tennis match
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children in new york, nigeria, and new zealand smile when they are happy and frown when they are sad. this suggests that:
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facial expressions of emotion are universal and biologically determined
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who is the least likely to display negative emotions openly?
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yoko, a dentist in japan
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nine-month-old nicole's left frontal lobe is more active than her right frontal lobe. we can expect that, all other things being equal, nicole:
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may be more cheerful than those with more active right frontal lobes
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julio was extremely angry when he came in for a routine EEG of his brain activity. when he later told this to the doctor, she was no longer concerned about the:
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increased electrical activity in julio's right hemisphere
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when the scientist electrically stimulated one area of a monkey's brain, the monkey became enraged. when another electrode was activated, the monkey cowered in fear. the electrodes were most likely implanted in the:
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limbic system
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as elderly mr. hooper crosses the busy intersection, he stumbles and drops the packages he is carrying. which passerby is most likely to help mr. hooper?
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bonnie, who graduated from college the day before
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expressing anger can be adaptive when you:
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first wait until the anger subsides, then deal with the situation in a civil manner
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cindy was happy with her promotion until she found out that janice, who has the same amount of experience receives a higher salary. cindy's feelings are best explained according to the:
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principle of relative deprivation
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i am an emotionally literate person who is very accurate at reading others' nonverbal behavior, detecting lies, and describing my feelings. who am i?
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a woman
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margaret is a finalist in the u.s. ice skating championship. she is very excited about the competition and is feeling energized. more than likely, the two dimensions of her current emotion would be a_____and_________.
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positive valence; high arousal
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Which of the following findings would support an interpretation of aggression as catharsis?
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Societies that value aggressive sports are generally less aggressive than societies that do not value aggressive sports
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In the James-Lange theory of emotion, which of the following immediately precedes an emotion?
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Experience of physiological changes
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Who will probably be angrier after learning that he or she has received a parking ticket?
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Dan, who has just completed a tennis match
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Researchers have found that people experience cartoons as more amusing while holding a pen with their teeth than while holding it with their lips. This finding best serves to support the:
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James-Lange theory
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According to the two-factor theory, the two basic components of emotions are ________ and ________.
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cognitive labels; physical arousal
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