question

Which of the following is correct regarding the relationship between arousal and performance?

answer

on easy tasks, performance is optimal when arousal is high

question

Which division of the nervous system is especially involved in bringing about emotional arousal?

answer

sympathetic nervous system

question

Concerning emotions and their accompanying body responses, which of the following appears to be true?

answer

many emotions involve similar body responses but have different underlying brain circuits

question

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion states that:

answer

the conscious experience of an emotion occurs at the same time as the body's physical reaction

question

Electrical stimulation of which brain region can produce terror or rage in cats?

answer

limbic system

question

The body's response to danger is triggered by the release of___by the____gland(s).

answer

epinephrine and norepinephrine; adrenal

question

Which of the following was not raised as a criticism of the James-Lange theory of emotion?

answer

people with spinal cord injuries at the neck typically experience less emotion

question

(Thinking critically) Current estimates are that the polygraph is inaccurate approximately_____of the time.

answer

one-third

question

In the Schacter-Singer experiment, which college men reported feeling an emotional change in the presence of the experimenter's highly emotional confederate?

answer

those receiving epinephrine but not expecting to feel physical arousal

question

Which of the following is true regarding happiness?

answer

people who are socially outgoing or who exercise regularly tend to be happier

question

Catharsis will be most effective in reducing anger toward another person if:

answer

your anger is directed specifically toward the person who angered you

question

Emotions consist of which of the following components?

answer

physiological reactions, behavioral expressions, conscious feelings

question

Law enforcement officials sometimes use a lie detector to assess a suspect's responses to details of the crime believed to be known only to the perpetrator. This is known as the:

answer

guilty knowledge test

question

Research on nonverbal communication has revealed that:

answer

facial expressions tend to be the same the world over, while gestures vary from culture to culture

question

In laboratory experiments, fear and joy:

answer

intimacy and personal increase heart rate and stimulate different facial muscles

question

Research suggests that people generally experience the greatest well-being when they strive for:

answer

intimacy and personal growth

question

Research indicates that a person is most likely to be helpful to others if he or she:

answer

is happy

question

With regard to emotions, Darwin believed that:

answer

the expression of emotions helped our ancestors to survive, all humans express basic emotions using similar facial expressions, and human facial expressions of emotion retain elements animals' emotional displays

question

A graph depicting the course of positive emotions over the hours of the day since waking would:

answer

rise over the early hours and dissipate during the day's last several hours

question

Evidence that changes in facial expression can directly affect people's feelings and body states has convinced Robert Zajonic that:

answer

cognition is not necessary for emotion

question

the tendency to react to changes on the basis of recent experience

answer

adaptation-level phenomenon

question

an individual's self-perceived happiness

answer

subjective well-being

question

emotional release

answer

catharsis

question

the tendency to evaluate our situation negatively against that of other people

answer

relative deprivation principle

question

emotions consist of physical arousal and a cognitive label

answer

two-factor theory

question

an emotion-arousing stimulus triggers cognitive and body responses simultaneously

answer

Cannon-Bard theory

question

the division of the nervous system that calms the body following arousal

answer

parasympathetic nervous system

question

the division of the nervous system that activates arousal

answer

sympathetic nervous system

question

a device that measures the physiological correlates of emotion

answer

polygraph

question

the tendency of people to be helpful when they are in a good mood

answer

feel-good, do-good phenomenon

question

we are sad because we cry

answer

James-Lange theory

question

Which of the following most accurately describes emotional arousal?

answer

emotions prepare the body to fight or flee

question

Schachter's two-factor theory emphasizes that emotion involves both:

answer

physical arousal and a cognitive label

question

When students studied others who were worse off than themselves, they felt greater satisfaction with their own lives. This is an example of the principle of:

answer

relative deprivation

question

Which theory of emotion emphasizes the simultaneous experience of body response and emotional feeling?

answer

cannon-bard theory

question

Izard believes that there are____basic emotions.

answer

10

question

(thinking critically) the polygraph measures:

answer

physiological indexes of arousal

question

people who are exhuberant and persistently cheerful show increased activity in the brain's________, which is rich in receptors for the neurons for the neurotransmitter______.

answer

left frontal lobe; dopamine

question

Which of the following is true regarding gestures and facial expressions?

answer

facial expressions are universal; gestures, culture-specific

question

Which theory of emotion implies that every emotion is associated with a unique physiological reaction?

answer

james-lange theory

question

For which of the following fears do humans appear to be biologically prepared?

answer

fear of cliffs

question

Which of the following was not presented in the text as evidence that some emotional reactions involve no deliberate, rational thinking?

answer

arousal of the sympathetic nervous system will trigger an emotional reaction even when artificially induced by an injection of epinephrine

question

Concerning the catharsis hypothesis, which of the following is true?

answer

expressing anger can be temporarily calming if it does not leave one feeling guilty or anxious

question

in an emergency situation, emotional arousal will result in:

answer

increased rate of respiration, increased blood sugar, and a slowing of digestion

question

a relatively high level of arousal would be most likely to facilitate:

answer

sprinting 100 meters

question

several studies have shown that physical arousal can intensify just about any emotion. for example, when people who have been physically aroused by exercise are insulted, they often attributed their arousal to the insult. this finding illustrates the importance of:

answer

cognitive labels of arousal in the conscious experience of emotions

question

(thinking critically) many psychologists are opposed to the use of lie detectors because:

answer

polygraphs cannot distinguish the various possible causes of arousal

question

most humans fears are:

answer

learned

question

in studying what makes people angry, james averill found that most people become angry:

answer

several times a week

question

which of these factors have researchers not found to correlate with happiness?

answer

education

question

in cultures that emphasize social interdependence:

answer

negative emotions are rarely displayed

question

you are on your way to school to take a big exam. suddenly, on noticing that your pulse is racing and that you are sweating, you feel nervous. with which theory of emotion is this experience most consistent?

answer

james-lange theory

question

When professor simon acquired a spacious new office, he was overjoyed. six months later, however, he was taking the office for granted. his behavior illustrates the:

answer

adaptation-level phenomenon

question

after brenda scolded her brother for forgetting to pick her up from school, the physical arousal that had accompanied her anger diminished. which division of her nervous system mediated her physical relaxation?

answer

parasympathetic division

question

two years ago maria was in an automobile accident in which her spinal cord was severed, leaving her paralyzed from the neck down. today, maria finds that she experiences emotions less intensely than she did before her accident. this tends to support which theory of emotion?

answer

james-lange theory

question

the candidate stepped before the hostile audience, panic written all over his face. it is likely that the candidate's facial expression caused him to experience:

answer

an intensification of his fear

question

jane was so mad at her brother that she exploded at him when he entered her room. that she felt less angry afterward is best explained by the principle of:

answer

catharsis

question

after hitting a grand-slam home run, mike noticed that his heart was pounding. later that evening, after nearly having a collision while driving on the freeway, mike again noticed that his heart was pounding. that he interpreted this reaction as fear, rather than as ecstasy, can best be explained by the:

answer

two-factor theory

question

as part of her job interview, jan is asked to take a lie-detector test. jan politely refuses and points out that:

answer

a guilty person can be found innocent by the polygraph, an innocent person can be found guilty, and these tests err one-third of the time

question

a student participating in an experiment concerned with physical responses that accompany emotions reports that her mouth is dry, her heart is racing, and she feels flushed. can the emotion she is experiencing be determined?

answer

no, it cannot be determined from the information given

question

who will probably be angrier after getting a parking ticket?

answer

dan, who just completed a tennis match

question

children in new york, nigeria, and new zealand smile when they are happy and frown when they are sad. this suggests that:

answer

facial expressions of emotion are universal and biologically determined

question

who is the least likely to display negative emotions openly?

answer

yoko, a dentist in japan

question

nine-month-old nicole's left frontal lobe is more active than her right frontal lobe. we can expect that, all other things being equal, nicole:

answer

may be more cheerful than those with more active right frontal lobes

question

julio was extremely angry when he came in for a routine EEG of his brain activity. when he later told this to the doctor, she was no longer concerned about the:

answer

increased electrical activity in julio's right hemisphere

question

when the scientist electrically stimulated one area of a monkey's brain, the monkey became enraged. when another electrode was activated, the monkey cowered in fear. the electrodes were most likely implanted in the:

answer

limbic system

question

as elderly mr. hooper crosses the busy intersection, he stumbles and drops the packages he is carrying. which passerby is most likely to help mr. hooper?

answer

bonnie, who graduated from college the day before

question

expressing anger can be adaptive when you:

answer

first wait until the anger subsides, then deal with the situation in a civil manner

question

cindy was happy with her promotion until she found out that janice, who has the same amount of experience receives a higher salary. cindy's feelings are best explained according to the:

answer

principle of relative deprivation

question

i am an emotionally literate person who is very accurate at reading others' nonverbal behavior, detecting lies, and describing my feelings. who am i?

answer

a woman

question

margaret is a finalist in the u.s. ice skating championship. she is very excited about the competition and is feeling energized. more than likely, the two dimensions of her current emotion would be a_____and_________.

answer

positive valence; high arousal

question

Which of the following findings would support an interpretation of aggression as catharsis?

answer

Societies that value aggressive sports are generally less aggressive than societies that do not value aggressive sports

question

In the James-Lange theory of emotion, which of the following immediately precedes an emotion?

answer

Experience of physiological changes

question

Who will probably be angrier after learning that he or she has received a parking ticket?

answer

Dan, who has just completed a tennis match

question

Researchers have found that people experience cartoons as more amusing while holding a pen with their teeth than while holding it with their lips. This finding best serves to support the:

answer

James-Lange theory

question

According to the two-factor theory, the two basic components of emotions are ________ and ________.

answer

cognitive labels; physical arousal

AP Psychology, Chapter 13 Emotion study guide – Flashcards

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