AP Psych: Abnormal Psychology and Treatment – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Psychological disorder
answer
a harmful dysfunction in which behavior is judged to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable ex: Anxiety Disorders, Dissociative Disorders, and Mood disorders
question
ADHD
answer
A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ex: easily distracted, blurts out answers in class before the question is completed, displays inner restlessness
question
Medical model
answer
the concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured. ex: medical model for depression
question
DSM-IV-TR
answer
A classification system that describes the features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder and indicates how the disorder can be distinguished from other, similar problems Ex: another version of the bible (psychology)
question
anxiety disorders
answer
A class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety. ex: antianxiety medication
question
generalized anxiety disorders
answer
An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. ex: total anxiety
question
panic disorder
answer
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. ex: panic attack in a dream
question
phobia
answer
An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation. ex: fear of something
question
OCD
answer
-Recurrent and intrusive obsessions and compulsion ex: washing their hands multiple times
question
post-traumatic stress disorder
answer
Develops after exposure to a traumatic event ex: soldiers coming home for the first time
question
post-traumatic growth
answer
Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises ex: good thing happen each day
question
somatoform disorder
answer
A class of psychological disorders involving physical ailments with no authentic organic basis that are due to psychological factors. ex: out of shape (failure of the body)
question
conversion disorder
answer
A rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found ex: crams
question
hypochondriasis
answer
type of somatoform disorder; persistent preoccupation with the idea that you've developed a serious disease, these persist for months and impair everyday functioning; presence of disease causes distress ex: swine flu and ebola at the same time
question
dissociative disorders
answer
Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. ex: split mind (schizophrenia)
question
Dissociative identity disorder
answer
A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. ex: called multiple personality disorder.
question
Mood disorders
answer
psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes ex: mood swings, anxiety
question
major depressive disorder
answer
A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities ex: depressed
question
mania
answer
A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state ex: "wrestlemania"
question
bipolar disorder
answer
A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. ex: depressed and excited
question
schizophrenia
answer
A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions ex: reality vs fantasy
question
delusions
answer
False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders ex: getting split mind
question
personality disorders
answer
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning ex: borderline
question
anitsocial personality disorder
answer
A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family members. ex: Ruthless Aggression
question
eclectic approach
answer
An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy ex: using everything you know
question
psychotherapy
answer
An emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties ex: therapy filled with emotions/feelings
question
psychoanalysis
answer
A lengthy insight therapy that was developed by Freud and aims at uncovering conflicts and unconscious impulses through special techniques ex: including free association, dream analysis, and transference.
question
resistance
answer
In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material. ex: not remembering getting raped or crime history
question
interpretation
answer
In Freud's theory, the technique of providing a context, meaning, or cause for a specific idea, feeling, or set of behaviors; the process of tying a set of behaviors to its unconscious determinant. ex: making a sense in a dream
question
transference
answer
In psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships ex: (such as love or hatred for a parent).
question
psychodynamic therapy
answer
therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight ex: taking care of your unconscious
question
insight therapies
answer
A variety of therapies which aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses ex: in "sight" of your mind
question
client-centered therapy
answer
A humanistic therapy based on Carl Roger's beliefs that an individual has an unlimited capacity for psychological growth and will continue to grow unless barriers are placed in the way. ex:humanism way
question
active listening
answer
Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy. ex:parrot
question
unconditional positive regard
answer
according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person ex: accepting mistakes
question
behavior therapy
answer
A type of therapy that assumes that disordered behavior is learned and that symptom relief is achieved through changing overt maladaptive behaviors into more constructive behaviors ex: conditioning
question
counterconditioning
answer
A behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning. Includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning. ex:aversive conditioning
question
exposure therapies
answer
behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid ex:forcing them to deal with your conflict
question
systematic desensitization
answer
A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli ex: treated in phobias
question
virtual reality exposure therapy
answer
an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears ex: such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking
question
aversive conditioning
answer
A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol) ex: positive then negative effect
question
token economy
answer
An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats. ex: getting rewards
question
cognitive therapy
answer
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions ex: change your plan around
question
cognitive-behavioral therapy
answer
A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior) ex: combining both therapy
question
family therapy
answer
therapy that treats the family as a system. views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication ex: fixing family conflict
question
regression toward the mean
answer
the tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average. ex: outliers/ influential point back to the center point
question
meta-analysis
answer
A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies ex:statistics problem
question
evidence-based practices
answer
Clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences ex:making hypothesis with research
question
biomedical therapy
answer
Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system ex: Valium
question
psychopharmacology
answer
the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior ex: money
question
antipsychotic drugs
answer
Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder ex: Clozapine
question
tardive dyskinesia
answer
A type of medication's side effects for schizophrenia ex: lick smacking, chewing, etc.
question
antianxiety drugs
answer
Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation ex: Xanax
question
antidepressant drugs
answer
Drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters ex: Prozac
question
Electroconvulsive therapy
answer
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient ex: release norephinephrine
question
rTMS
answer
the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity ex: stimulate your frontal love
question
psychosurgery
answer
brain surgery on human patients intended to relieve severe and otherwise intractable mental or behavioral problems ex: lobotomy
question
lobotomy
answer
a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. the procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain ex: coma zombies
question
resilience
answer
A person's ability to recover from or adapt to difficult times. ex: manage stress levels
