AP Human Geography Unit II: Part I- Chapter 2 – Flashcards
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Total Fertility Rate
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The average number of children that could be born to a woman over her lifetime in a given population.
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TFR
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Abbreviation for Total Fertility Rate.
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Crude Birth Rate
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The number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population.
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CBR
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Abbreviation for Crude Birth Rate.
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Crude Death Rate
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The number of deaths yearly per thousand people in a population.
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CDR
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Abbreviation for Crude Death Rate.
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Infant Mortality Rate
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A figure that describes the number of babies that die in the first year of their lives in a given population.
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IMR
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Abbrev. for Infant Mortality Rate.
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Arithmetic Population Density
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The population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. Population divided by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up an area.
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Physiologic Population Density
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The number of people per unit area of arable land.
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J-Curve
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This represents the rapid population growth of the world. Population grew slowly then boomed in the mid-1900's created this shape.
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Life Expectancy
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A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live. Expressed in the context of a particular state.
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Expansive Population Policy
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Government population that encourages large families and raises the rate of population growth.
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Restrictive Population Policy
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Government policy designed to reduce the rate of natural increase.
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Standard of Living
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The degree of wealth and material comfort available to a person or community.
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Ecumene
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The permanently inhabited portion of the earth as distinguished from the uninhabited or temporarily inhabited area. The ________ is its more densely inhabited core.
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Carrying Capacity
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The number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation.
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Rate of Natural Increase
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Crude Birth Rate minus the Crude Death Rate of a country.
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Dependency Ratio
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Age-population ratio of those typically not in the labor force and those typically in the labor force . It is used to measure the pressure on productive population.
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Doubling Time
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The time required for a population to double in size.
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Arable
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Cultivable; land fit for cultivation by one farming method or another.
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megalopolis
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Term used to designate large coalescing supercities that are farming in diverse parts of the world.
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Thomas Malthus
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An English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence (1766-1834).
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Neo-malthusian
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A group of modern economists who hold to the Malthusianism doctrine that permanent betterment of the general standard of living is impossible without decrease of competition by limitation of the number of births.
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Core Country
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Country that incorporates higher levels of education, salaries, and technology.
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Semi-periphery Country
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Country where core and periphery processes are both occurring. Exploited by core countries, but exploit periphery countries.
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Periphery Country
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Country that incorporates lower levels of education, salaries, and technology.
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Industrial Revolution
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The term applied to the social and economic changes in agriculture, commerce, and manufacturing that resulted from technological innovation and specialization in the late 18th century Europe.
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HIV
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Human immunodeficiency virus, a retrovirus that causes AIDS.
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AIDS
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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Disease caused by HIV, which over a period of years weakens the capacity of the immune system to fight off infection so that weight loss and weaknesses set in and other afflictions such as cancer or pneumonia may hasten the infected person's demise.
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Census
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A periodic and official count of a countries population.
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Low Growth Stage
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Stage 1 of the demographic transition model- High birth and High death rates.
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High Growth Stage
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Stage 2 of the demographic transition model-High birth and declining death rates.
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Moderate Growth Stage
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Stage 3 of the demographic transition model- declining birth rate and low death rate.
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Low Growth(Stationary) Stage
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Stage 4 of the demographic transition model- Low birth and low death rates.
