Ap Human Geography Unit 7 Answers – Flashcards
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concentric zone model
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model that argues that urban land use is best represented by a series of rings, earliest urban land use model, BID RENT THEORY, Von Thunen Model
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Burgess
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creator of the concentric zone model
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Sector model
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model that assumes that cities have highway, the distribution of social classes is divided into wedges
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Hoyt
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creator of the sector model
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multiple nuclei model
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model that argues that urban land use has more than one focal point and have several discrete nuclei, includes cars
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Harris and Ullman
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creators of the multiple nuclei model
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galactic city model
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model that consists of multiple centers which have decentralized cities and sub centered, disjointed
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Lewis
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creator of galactic city model
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Vance
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creator of Urban Realms model
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Borchert's Epoch's of Transportation
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a model that explains how urbanization and the layout of cities are affected by new innovative modes of transportation, (sail wagon, iron horse, steel rail, auto air)
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Gravity Model
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more populous places and places that are closer together have a greater attraction, (population 1 * population 2)/distance squared
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Central Place Theory
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a spatial theory in urban geography that attempts to explain the reasons behind the distribution patterns, size, and number of cities and towns around the world
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Christaller
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creator of Central Place theory
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threshold
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minimum # of people required to support a business
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range
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the distance people will travel to purchase a good or service
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urbanization
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the process that concentrates people into urban places
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site
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the physical traits of a place; topography, vegetation, and access to water
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situation
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the geographic context of a place; government, economics, social traits
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urban hierarchy
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a series of central places ranked on the basis of their threshold, range, and market area (functional complexity); ALL CITIES ARE INTERCONNECTED
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world city
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a principal centre of global economic power that significantly influences the world's business
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megacity
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a city with 10 million or more residents
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primate city
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a city more that two times the size of the next largest city and exerts social, political, and economic dominance
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new urbanism
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an urban design movement that promotes walkable neighborhoods with a variety of housing job types; ex: Seaside, Fl
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rank size rule
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a pattern of settlements in a country such that the largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement; bigger the city, smaller rank it is
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functional complexity
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the ability of a town or a city to support sizable population who make a living from specialized, non primary sector activities
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smart growth policies
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an urban planning theory that concentrates walkable city areas to prevent urban sprawl
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mixed use development
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cities that blend a use of residential, commercial, institutional, or industrial uses
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gentrification
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wealthier people moving into urban districts to fix up older buildings in low income neighborhoods to make them more tourist friendly and attract income, BAD FOR INNER CITY DWELLERS W/O MONEY:(
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urban sustainability
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a city can be organized without reliance on the surrounding countryside and power itself with renewable energy
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greenfield
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a piece of land as a potential industrial site, not previously developed or polluted
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ethnic segregation
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neighborhoods of gathered ethnicities that make up sectors of cities, separated
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redlining
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refusing to offer home loans on the basis of ethnicity of a neighborhood
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blockbusting
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use of scare tactics to promote switch of racial groups in a neighborhood
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NIMBY
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the opposition to something undesirable in one's neighborhood, poor communities have less say on what goes on
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infrastructure
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the basic physical organization and structures of a place or facility for the operation of a society or enterprise
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suburbanization
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the increase of area surrounding the central city that is housing, not business
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gated community
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a form of housing containing strictly controlled entrances for automobiles and people, gated
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edge city
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a new downtown consisting of clusters of business activity that develops in the suburbs, like galactic model
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boomburg
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a rapidly growing city that remains suburban
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uptown
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a "high class" area of a city
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sprawl
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the spread of low density land use in a city because of rapid urbanization
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decentralization
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forces that draw people out of the central city
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centralization
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forces that draw people into the downtown or CBD
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zone of abandonment
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areas that have been deserted in a city for economic or environmental reasons
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disamenity
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the lack of desirable features in a place or city
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slum
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an overcrowded, impoverished area of a region characterized by makeshift housing and little access to infrastructure
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ghetto
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a part of a city occupied by a minority group, usually black or latino
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brownfield
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land previously used for commercial/industrial uses but became contaminated or deteriorated
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squatter settlement
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housing within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures, part of a slum
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latin american city model
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large disamenity sector, thick strip of commercial activity close to upper class
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sub saharan Africa city model
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city model with colonial section, market section, and indigenous section, surrounded by ethnic neighborhoods
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North Africa and Middle east city model
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countries with oil industries are highly nucleated, countries without oil are rural and spread out
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southeast Asia city model
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highly coastal cities based on trade
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central place
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a settlement that provides goods and services for it's residents
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hinterland
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the trade area served by the central place
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central business district
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part of the central city where major office and retail business are
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silk road
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trade route from central Asia to Europe
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megalopolis
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a massive urban complex created by converging metropolitan areas
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level of urbanization
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the percentage of people living in an urban place
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rate of urban growth
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the annual percentage increase in urban populaltion
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rust belt
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abandoned industrial districts from the 20th century
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mercantile era
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1500-1800s, cities grew with merchant families who ran the government and built infrastructure and fancy buildings
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Boshwash corridor
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the megalopolis that is in the east coast of the US
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agglomeration
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clustering of activities in an area, which shapes the central city and suburban location
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zoning
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laws that regulate land use and development
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hybrid city
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city that exhibits a mixture of indigenous, colonial, and globalized influence
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eminent domain
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the authority of the government to take private property when doing so serves public interest
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sub saharan Africa
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least urban populated world region of the world
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low order good
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an inexpensive good that is bought on a daily basis
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high order good
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a good that is bought only occasionally, usually available in urbanized cities only
