question

Annexation

answer

the formal act of acquiring something (especially territory) by conquest or occupation

question

Allocational/resource boundary dispute

answer

Dispute over location and resources

question

Antarctica

answer

No one owns it

question

Antecedent boundary

answer

a boundary that existed before the cultural landscape emerged and stayed in place while people moved in to occupy the surrounding area...

question

Border landscape

answer

There are two types, exclusionary and inclusionary. Exclusionary is meant to keep people out, such as the border between the U.S. and Mexico. Inclusionary is meant to facilitate trade and movement, such as the U.S.-Canada border

question

Buffer state

answer

a small neutral state between two rival powers

question

Capital

answer

Principle city in a state or country. The best place to locate a capital is at the center of a country, so it is a somewhat equal distance from all parts of the country.

question

Centrifugal

answer

tending to move away from a center

question

Centripetal

answer

tending to move toward a center

question

City-state

answer

a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside

question

Clevage Model

answer

A political-geographical model suggesting that persistent regional patterns in voting behavior, sometimes leading to separatism, can usually be explained in terms of tensions ptting urban against rural, core against periphery, capitalists against workers, and power group against minority culture.

question

Colonialism

answer

exploitation by a stronger country of weaker one

question

Compact state

answer

a state that possesses a roughly circular, oval, or rectangular territory in which the distance from the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions

question

Confederation

answer

the act of forming an alliance or confederation

question

Conference of Berlin (1884)

answer

Regulated trade and colonization in Africa. It formalized the scramble to gain colonies in Africa and set up boundaries for each country's colonies.

question

Core area

answer

a region in the home range that is used frequently. Fruiting trees,termite mounds, sleeping sites, water resources.,

question

Cultural/ethnographic political boundary

answer

boundaries that mark breaks in the human landscape based on differences in ethnicity

question

Decolonization

answer

the action of changing from colonial to independent status

question

Definitional boundary dispute

answer

Conflict over the language of the border agreement in a treaty or boundary contract

question

Definition phase in boundary process

answer

The phase in which the exact location of a boundary is leagally described and negotiated

question

Delimitation phase in boundary creation

answer

in which the exact location of a boundary is legally described and negotiated

question

Demarcation phase in boundary process

answer

Phase in which the boundary is visibly marked on the landscape by a fence, line, sign, wall or other means

question

Devolution

answer

the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality

question

Domino theory

answer

the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control

question

Exclusive Economic Zone

answer

enerally a state's EEZ extends to a distance of 200 nautical miles (370 km) out from its coast. The exception to this rule occurs when EEZs would overlap; that is, state coastal baselines are less than 400 nautical miles apart. When an overlap occurs, it is up to the states to delineate the actual boundary.[1] Generally, any point within an overlapping area defaults to the most proximate state

question

Electoral geography

answer

The study of the interactions among space, place and region and the conduct and results of elections.

question

Elongated state

answer

A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape.

question

Enclave

answer

an enclosed territory that is culturally distinct from the foreign territory that surrounds it

question

Ethnic conflict

answer

type of conflict that occurs when different tribes are lumped together to form a country

question

European Union

answer

an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members

question

Exclave

answer

a part of a country that is seperated from the rest of the country and surrounded by foreign territory.

question

Federal state

answer

An internal organization of a state that allocated most powers to units of local government.

question

Forward capital

answer

capital city positioned in actually or potentially contested territory usually near an international border, it confirms the states determination to maintain its presence in the region in contention.

question

Fragmented state

answer

A state that is not contiguous whole but rather separated parts.

question

Frontier

answer

an undeveloped field of study

question

Geopolitics

answer

the study of the effects of economic geography on the powers of the state

question

Geopolitical Theory (aka Organic Theory, Ratzel's Theory)

answer

The view that states resemble biological organisms with life cycles that include all stages of life.

question

Geometric political boundary

answer

A political border drawn in a regular, geometric manner, often a straight line, without regard for environmental or cultural patterns

question

Gerrymander

answer

to divide (a geographic area) into voting districts so as to give unfair advantage to one party in elections

question

Global commons

answer

those parts of our environment available to everyone but for which no single individual has responsibility--the atmosphere, fresh water, forests, wildlife, and ocean fisheries

question

Immigrant states

answer

States with alot of immigrants

question

Imperialism

answer

any instance of aggressive extension of authority

question

Irredentism

answer

the doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related

question

Landlocked

answer

surrounded entirely or almost entirely by land

question

Locational /positional boundary dispute

answer

territorial dispute along the edge of two neighboring land owners

question

Mackinder's Heartland Theory

answer

Sir Halford John Mackinder was a British geographer who wrote a paper in 1904 called "The Geographical Pivot of History." Mackinder's paper suggested that the control of Eastern Europe was vital to control of the world. He formulated his hypothesis as: Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland Who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island Who rules the World-Island commands the world Mackinder's Heartland (also known as the Pivot Area) is the core area of Eurasia, and the World-Island is all of Eurasia (both Europe and Asia).

question

Median-line principle

answer

an approach to dividing and creating boundaries at the mid-point between two places.

question

Microstate

answer

A state or territory that is small in both size and population.

question

Mini state

answer

independent country that is very small in area and population

question

Multinational state

answer

State that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities

question

Nation

answer

a politically organized body of people under a single government

question

Nationalism

answer

love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it

question

National iconography

answer

the branch of art history which studies the identification, description, and the interpretation of the content of images.

question

Nation-state

answer

An independent country dominated by a relatively homogeneous culture group

question

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

answer

an international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security

question

Operational/functional boundary dispute

answer

Boundaries that move according to operations or functions

question

Organization of American States (OAS)

answer

an international organization, headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States.[1] Its members are the thirty-five independent states of the Americas. It is the world's oldest regional organization.

question

Perforated state

answer

A state whose territory completely surrounds that of another state.

question

Physical/natural political boundary

answer

natural boundary might be something like a river, mountain range or an ocean. These are generally considered to be obstructions which prevent crossing without additional equipment or assistance, such as a boat or horses to carry what you need to cross a mountain range., political boundary would be a real or imagined line in the sand that defines the boundary of a nation or state

question

Political Geography

answer

The spatial analysis of political phenomena and processes.

question

protruded state

answer

A type of territorial shape that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main body of the territory

question

Raison d'être

answer

phrase borrowed from French where it means simply "reason for being"; in English use it also comes to suggest a degree of rationalization, as "The claimed reason for the existence of something or someone".

question

Reapportionment

answer

a new apportionment (especially a reallotment of congressional seats in the United States on the basis of census results)

question

Regionalism

answer

loyalty to the interests of a particular region

question

Relic boundary

answer

they no longer exist as international boundaries.

question

Reunification

answer

the act of coming together again

question

Rimland Theory

answer

Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provided the base for world conquest.

question

Satellite state

answer

A political term that refers to a country which is formally independent, but under heavy influence or control by another country.

question

Self-determination

answer

the ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will

question

Sovereignty

answer

government free from external control

question

State

answer

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

question

Stateless nation

answer

A nationality that is not represented by a state.

question

Subsequent boundary

answer

a boundary that developed with the evolution of the cultural landscape and is adjusted as the cultural landscape changes...

question

Suffrage

answer

a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US constitution

question

Superimposed boundary

answer

a boundary that is imposed on the cultural landscape which ignores pre-existing cultural patterns (typically a colonial boundary)...

question

Supranationalism

answer

a venture involving 3 or more national states political economic or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives

question

Territorial disputes

answer

Any dispute over land ownership

question

Territorial morphology

answer

a State's physical shape.

question

Territoriality

answer

a fundamental aspect of human behavior and refers to the need to lay claim to the spaces we occupy and the things we own. In humans it relates to the need for self-identity and freedom of choice

question

Terrorism

answer

the calculated use of violence (or threat of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature

question

UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea)

answer

1994, constitution for the ocean to protect resources

question

Unitary state

answer

An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials

question

United Nations (UN)

answer

an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security

question

Warsaw Pact

answer

treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania

Ap Human Geography Unit 4 Answers – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards