AP Human Geography – Unit 1 Vocabulary (Articulation) – Flashcards
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place
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uniqueness of a location (or similarity of two or more locales); phenomena within an area
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scale
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the amount of territory that a map represents
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pattern
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general arrangement of things being studied
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regionalization
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the process geographers use to divide and categorize space into smaller areal units
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globalization
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expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to a global scale and impact (transcend state boundaries)
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physical map
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primary purpose is to show landforms like deserts, mountains, and plains
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political map
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designed to show governmental boundaries of countries, states, and counties, and the location of major cities
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thematic map
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show spatial aspects of information or of a phenomenon
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reference map
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generalized map type designed to show general spatial properties of features
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choropleth map
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uses various colors, shades of one color, or patterns to show the location and distribution of spatial data
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dot map
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used to show the specific location and distribution of something across the territory of the map
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graduated symbol map
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uses symbols of different sizes to indicate different amounts of something
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isoline map
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uses lines that connect points of equal value to depict variations in the data across space
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cartogram map
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the sizes of countries (or states, counties, or another areal unit) are shown according to some specific statistic
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map projections
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process of showing a curved surface on a flat surface
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Mercator projection
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straight meridians and parallels that intersect at right angles, used for marine navigation; most distortion at the poles (high latitudes)
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Polar projection
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directions from a central point are preserved; usually these projections also have radial symmetry; also known as Azimuthal projections
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region
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area on Earth's surface marked by a degree of homogeneity (uniformity) of some phenomenon
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formal (uniform) region
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homogeneous region is an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics. The shared feature could be a cultural value such as a common language, or an environmental climate
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perceptual (vernacular) region
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a place that people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity. Such regions emerge from peoples informal sense of place rather than from scientific models developed through geographic thought
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functional (nodal) region
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area organized around a node or focal point; the characteristic will diminish in importance as it spreads outward. This region is tied to the central point by transportation or communication systems or by economic or functional associations
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Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
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collection of computer hardware and software permitting spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved, used, and displayed
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Global Positioning System (GPS)
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satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places
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remote sensing
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method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments (e.g., satellites) that are physically distant from the area or object of study
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