AP Human Geography Religion (Notes and Vocab) – Flashcards
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Religion
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Belief in a higher power(s).
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Universalizing Religion
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Appeals to all people worldwide. Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Sikhism, Baha'i
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Ethnic Religion
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Appeals to people within one group/location. Hinduism, Judaism, Confucianism, Daoism, Shintoism, Shamanism
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Hierarchical Religions
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Religions that have a structure of power.
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Autonomous Religions
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Religions that are self-sufficient and are local.
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Branch
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Large fundamental division in a religion.
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Denomination
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Division of a branch that unites local congregations.
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Sect
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A small group that broke away from a denomination.
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Monotheism
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Belief in one deity.
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Polytheism
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Belief in more than one deity.
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Animism
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Belief that nature has life and spirit.
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Christianity
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A monotheistic religion that believes in the Holy Trinity.
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Origin and Founder of Christianity
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Israel - Jesus Christ and his Apostles
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Holy Texts in Christianity
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The Bible
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Branches of Christianity
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Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant
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Where Christianity is Practiced
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The Americas, Europe, Australia
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Number of Followers of Christianity
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2.2 billion - Largest Religion
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Place of Worship for Christianity
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Church
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Islam
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A monotheistic religion based on Mohammed's teachings.
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Five Pillars of Faith in Islam
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Allah is the one true god, Followers must pray five times per day towards Mecca, Followers must donate to charity, Followers must fast during the month of Ramadan, Followers must make the Hajj
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Origin and Founder of Islam
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Arabian Peninsula - Mohammed
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Holy Texts in Islam
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The Torah, The Bible, The Qu'aran
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Where Islam is Practiced
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Middle East, Indonesia, North Africa, The Americas
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Number of Followers of Islam
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1.3 billion
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Place of Worship for Islam
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Mosque
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Buddhism
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A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha.
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Four Noble Truths of Buddhism
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All living beings endure suffering, Suffering leads to reincarnation, The goal of existence is to escape suffering to reach Nirvana, Nirvana is attained through the Eightfold Path
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Origin and Founder of Buddhism
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India - Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)
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Where Buddhism is Practiced
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China, Sri Lanka, India
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Place of Worship for Buddhism
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Shrines
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Sikhism
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A monotheistic religion, leader is the guru.
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Baha'i
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A monotheistic religion created to unify the Middle East.
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Hinduism
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A polytheistic religion in India.
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The Caste System
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Hindu custom that divides followers into castes.
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Confucianism
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An ethical belief system in China and Korea. Technically not a religion.
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Daoism
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A belief system that is focused on Dao.
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Shintoism
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An animist religion in Japan
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Judaism
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The first monotheistic religion. Followers are found in the United States and Israel.
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Shamanism
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A spiritual tribal religion, shamans are religious leaders.
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Pagan
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A term referring to followers of polytheistic religions.
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Missionaries
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Individuals who diffuse universalizing religions.
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Cosmogony
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Religious beliefs regarding the origin of the universe.
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Disposing of the Dead
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Both ethnic and universalizing religions use burial and cremation, however, not every religion partakes in these two.
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The Solstice
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Significant times of the year for pagan religions. One in winter, one in summer.
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Universalizing Religion Holidays
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Holidays deal with events in the founder's life.
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Ethnic Religion Holidays
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Holidays deal with agricultural events.
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Taliban vs Western Ideology
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The Taliban oppose the Western way of life, which diffused to the Middle East.
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Hinduism vs Equality
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The Hindu caste system favors higher castes.
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Communism vs Religion
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Communist governments are generally non-religious and challenge organized religion.
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Atheism
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Belief in no religion/no deities.
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Agnosticism
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Belief that there may be a higher power(s).
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Fundamentalism
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A literal interpretation of religion.
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Secularism
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A separation of religion and government.
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Karl Marx
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The creator of Communism.
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Marxism
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Belief that religion has a negative result on government and should not be regarded.
