AP Human Geography: Political Geography – Flashcards
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Antecedent Boundary
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A boundary that was drawn across an area prior to the area becoming substantially-populated (e.g. border between Malaysia and Indonesia) Textbook
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Buffer State
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A neutral state between two warring states serving to prevent conflict. (e.g. Mongolia, between Russia and China) Google Definitions
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City-State
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A sovereign state comprising of a city and its immediate hinterland (e.g. Singapore) textbook
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Colonialism
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An attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economical, and cultural principles in another territory. textbook
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Colony
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A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than being independent (e.g. British Virgin Islands to Great Britain) textbook
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Compact State
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A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly (e.g. Poland). Notes
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Cultural Political Boundaries
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Political boundaries formed by differences in culture, such as religion or language. Quizlet
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Domino Theory
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The theory that if one nation goes under Communist control, neighboring countries will do the same. Quizlet
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Elongated State
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A state with a long, narrow shape (e.g. Chile). Notes
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Enclave
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An enclosed territory with a foreign territory around it (e.g. Lesotho) Notes
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European Union (EU)
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A supranational organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members. Quizlet
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Exclave
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A part of a country that is seperated from the rest of the country and surrounded by a foreign territory. Notes
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Federal State
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An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government (e.g. United States) Quizlet
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Forward Capital
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A symbolically relocated capital city, moved for economic or strategic reasons (e.g. Brasilia) Quizlet
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Fragmented State
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A state that includes several discontinuous territories (e.g. Indonesia). Notes
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Frontier
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A zone separating two states in which neither of the states exercises political control (e.g. Antarctica) Quizlet
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Geometric Political Boundaries
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Boundaries drawn with straight lines and arcs, as opposed to irregular lines and shapes that is unrelated to physical and/or cultural differences (e.g. the boundaries of most African countries). Quizlet
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Gerrymandering
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The redrawing of legislative boundaries entirely for electoral purposes, thereby benefiting the party in power. Notes
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Heartland Theory
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A theory that suggests that whoever owns Eastern Europe and Western Asia has the political power and capital to rule the world. Notes
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Imperialism
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The control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society. Textbook
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Landlocked State
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A state without access to the sea (e.g. Bolivia) Quizlet
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Microstate
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A state that encompasses a very small area (e.g. Vatican City) Quizlet
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Multinational State
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A state that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities (e.g. United Kingdom) Notes
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Nation
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A group of people with common cultural characteristics and identify themselves as a cohesive group (e.g. Kurds) Quizlet
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Nation-State
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A state whose territory corresponds to that which is occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality (e.g. Japan) Notes
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Perforated State
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A state that completely surrounds another one (e.g. Italy) Notes
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Physical Political Boundary
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A state's border that corresponds to a natural, real-life boundary. It can include mountains, deserts or water. (e.g. Rio Grande border between Mexico and the U.S.) Quizlet
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Prorupted State
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An adhesive compact state with a large expansion (e.g. Thailand) Notes
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Relic Boundary
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A boundary no longer observed but that still affects the present-day area (e.g. border between West and East Germany in Berlin) Quizlet
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Rimland Theory
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A political theory that holds that control of Eurasia and Africa is achieved via control of the countries bordering the Soviet Union. Notes
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Satellite State
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A state that is formally independent but heavily influenced by another state (e.g. Bulgaria during the Soviet Union) Google Definitions
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Self-Determination
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The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves. Textbook
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Settlement Empire
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An empire intended for longer residence, rather than used for immediate return with resources
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Shatterbelt Regions
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Areas that are constantly breaking up and/or fragmenting (e.g. Southeast Asia) Teacher Web
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Sovereignty
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The ability of a state to govern its territory from control of its internal affairs by other states. Quizlet
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State
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An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs (e.g. France) Quizlet
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Subsequent Boundaries
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Drawn boundaries made with regard to ethnic differences (e.g. border between China and Vietnam) PPT
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Superimposed Boundaries
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A boundary made through colonization without regard to prior ethnic/cultural patterns (e.g. borders of most African countries) PPT
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Supranationalism
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The term applied to associations created by three or more states for their mutual benefit and achievement of shared objectives. Notes
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Unitary State
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An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials. Google Definitions
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Annexation
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Incorporation of a territory into another geo-political entity. Quizlet
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Balkanization
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Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities. Quizlet
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Nationalism
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A feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward one's country. Quizlet
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Definitional Boundary Disputes
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A focus on the legal language of the treaty for the boundary. Quizlet
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Locational Boundary Disputes
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The definition of the boundary is not in dispute, but the interpretation is. Quizlet
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Operational Boundary Disputes
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A dispute of how a border should function. Quizlet
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Allocational Boundary Disputes
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That occurs over a resource on a boundary between two countries. Quizlet
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Consequent Borders
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Drawn to accommodate existing religious, economic, or ethnic differences. PPT
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Boundary process
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The process of creating boundaries. Quizlet
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Boundary Delimination
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Phase in which a boundaries' definition is drawn onto a map. Quizlet
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Boundary Demarcation
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Phase in which a boundary is visibly marked on the landscape by a fence, line, sign, wall, or other means. Quizlet.
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Boundary Defintion
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Phase in which the exact location of a boundary is legally described and negotiated. Quizlet
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Centrifugal Forces
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Decisive forces that destabilize, divide, and weaken states. Notes
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Centripetal Forces
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Promote unity and stability, binding people together in the state. Notes
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Devolution
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The process whereby regions within a state demand and possibly gain political strength and the country breaks into smaller states. Textbook
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Reapportionment
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The process of dividing the number of state representatives and senators among the state's population in order to assure as close as possible districts of equal size. History Channel
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Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
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Economic rights to explore and exploit natural resources in water, sea bed, and subsoil below. Notes
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Ethnic Cleansing
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A process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a lesser powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region. Textbook
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Geopolitics
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Politics, especially international relations as influenced by geographical factors. Google Definitions
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Stateless Nations
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Used of ethnic groups which are not the majority population in any nation state and for it is implied they should have such a state. Google Definitions
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Conference of Berlin (1884)
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Regulated trade and colonization in Africa. It formalized the scramble to gain colonies in Africa and set boundaries for each country's colony. Quizlet
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Core Periphery Model
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A model that describes how economic, political, and/or cultural power is spatially distributed between dominate core regions, and more marginal or dependent semiperipherial and peripheral regions. Quizlet
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Raison d-etre
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A basic, essential purpose; a reason to exist. Quizlet.
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Iron Curtain
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Barrier to understanding and the exchange of information and ideas created by ideological, political, and military hostility towards another. Dictionary.com
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Irredentism
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When a part of a nation maybe separate from their homeland and wishes to rejoin. Notes
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Halford J. Mackinder
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A English geographer, founder of geopolitics and geostrategy. Invented the terms manpower and heartland. Quizlet
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UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Laws of the Seas)
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International agreement that defines the rights and responsibilities of nations regarding the use of the world's oceans. Quizlet
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Multiethnic State
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A soverign state that is viewed as comprising two or more nations. Quizlet
