Ap Human Geography Chapter 9 Vocab Flashcard
29 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 29question
dependency theory
answer
A structuralist theory that offers a critique of the modernization model of development. Based on the idea that certain types of political and economic relations (especially colonialism) between countries and regions of the world have created arrangements that both control and limit the extent to which regions can develop.
Unlock the answer
question
developing country
answer
any of the world's poor, or "have-not," nations
Unlock the answer
question
economic indicators
answer
measure economic performance
Unlock the answer
question
economic development
answer
The improvement of living standards by economic growth.
Unlock the answer
question
Gender Empowerment Index
answer
compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making
Unlock the answer
question
gross domestic product
answer
The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period
Unlock the answer
question
gross national product
answer
The total value of goods and services, including income received from abroad, produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually one year.
Unlock the answer
question
human development index
answer
Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy
Unlock the answer
question
import substitution
answer
government policy of encouraging local manufacturers to produce goods that would replace imports
Unlock the answer
question
LDC
answer
less developed country or nation with a low level of material well being
Unlock the answer
question
literacy rate
answer
the percentage of people who can read and write
Unlock the answer
question
market orientation
answer
The tendency of an economic activity to locate close to its market; a reflection of large and variable distribution costs.
Unlock the answer
question
neo-colonialism
answer
control by a powerful country of its former colonies (or other less developed countries) by economic pressures
Unlock the answer
question
primary sector
answer
The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. User-contributed
Unlock the answer
question
productivity
answer
(economics) the ratio of the quantity and quality of units produced to the labor per unit of time
Unlock the answer
question
quaternary sector
answer
Service sector industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services.
Unlock the answer
question
raw material orientation
answer
The location of the manufacturing plant in relation to the source of raw materials. While most industries would prefer to locate near their markers in order to save the recurring costs of transportation, some industries - especially those that involve a loss of weight, bulk, or perishability in the process of manufacturing - might prefer to locate near their source of raw materials since their material index is much greater than 1.0.
Unlock the answer
question
regional multiplier
answer
The stimulation of economic growth by growth itself. As secondary industries develop they create a demand for raw materials and goods. Thus, machinery is made from steel and this stimulates steel manufacturing while the development of the steel industry requires more machinery. As manufacturing industry prospers, more jobs arise in service industries.
Unlock the answer
question
modernization model
answer
model of economic development maintains that all countries go through five stages of development
Unlock the answer
question
secondary sector
answer
The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials.
Unlock the answer
question
structural adjustment
answer
refers to the set of adjustments or so-called reforms that are required by international banks as a condition for future loans and for refinancing on payments due on existing loans
Unlock the answer
question
subsistence economy
answer
a type of economy in which human groups live off the land with little or no surplus
Unlock the answer
question
tertiary sector
answer
The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment.
Unlock the answer
question
trickle down effects
answer
incresed wealth for upper class means benifit for the lower class
Unlock the answer
question
value added
answer
the gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy.
Unlock the answer
