AP Human Geography Chapter 9: Test Review – Flashcards
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Which of the following is NOT an important reason why many countries do not develop quickly? A) Low standing of women B) Corrupt government C) Increased liesure time D) The current recession
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C
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Which factors do NOT affect a country's level of development? A) Social B) Political C) Demographic D) Economic
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B
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How many factors are taken into account when measuring HDI? How many from each category? A) 3; 1 economic, 1 social, 1 demographic B) 5; 1 economic, 2 social, 2 demographic C) 4; 1 economic, 2 social, 1 demographic D) 6; 1 economic, 2 social, 3 demographic`
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C
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What stage of Rostow's Development Index goes through the most development? A) 1 - traditional society B) 2 - preconditions of takeoff C) 3 - takeoff D) 4 - drive to maturity E) 5 - the age of mass consumption
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D
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Which two categories of the HDI indicators does the U.S. have a low score in? A) Education and literacy rate B) Life expectancy and education C) Life expectancy and literacy rate D) GDP and literacy rate
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B
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What two main regions suffer from poor human rights and low standing of women? A) Southwest Asia and North Africa B) Europe and South Asia C) South America and North Africa D) Southeast Asia and Southwest Asia
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A
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What is Southwest Asia and North Africa's major economic asset?
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Petroleum
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What hinders Southwest Asia and North Africa's development? A) Lack of resources B) There resources are not needed on the global market C) Political unrest D) Religion/ traditional culture
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D
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Mining, agriculture, and drilling are examples of what types of jobs?
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Primary
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The service industry falls under what category of jobs?
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Tertiary
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If one teacher has a high amount of students, what type of country is most likely to be?
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LDC
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Automobile manufacturing, production of clothing, and making of other manufactured goods would fall under what category of jobs?
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Secondary
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The gap between MDCs and LDCs has gradually _______ over time. A) Grown smaller B) Widened C) Stayed the same D) None of the above
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B
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The value of a product when compared to the amount of labor needed to make it is known as?
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Productivity
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Who have access to technology related to transportation and communication in MDCs? A) Political figures B) Only the elite and powerful C) Everyone D) People who work in government related jobs
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C
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What is the split of MDCs and LDCs known as? A) MDC-LDC split B) North-South split C) HDI split D) Development split
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B
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What is an important step in increasing development in LDCs? A) Improving education B) Trading more C) Focusing money on the military D) Using money to fund wars
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A
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LDCs want MDC consumer goods as a symbol of _______. A) Sel-sufficiency B) Uniform society C) Cultural identity D) Development
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D
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What is the life expectancy in MDCs? A) ~50 B) ~60 C) ~70 D) ~80
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C
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Babies in LDCs are expected to live into their _______. A) 50 B) 60 C) 70 D) 80
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B
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Why do MDCs have a higher CDR than LDCs? A) High percent of elderly people B) High percent of young people C) Low percent of elderly people D) Low percent of young people
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A
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Why does the U.S. not have a higher HDI? A) Lack of healthcare B) Lack of productivity C) High dropout rates D) A and C E) None of the above
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D
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How many more developed regions are there?
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2
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How many regions haven less developed countries?
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7
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Which level of jobs are associated with MDCs?
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Tertiary
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Which level of jobs are associated with countries like Indonesia and Iran?
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Secondary
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Identify more developed regions.
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North America Europe
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Identify less developed regions
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Latin America, East Asia, Southwest Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia
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The North American region is not the worlds leading producer of what energy resource?
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petroleum
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Why are workers more productive in MDCs
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more access to technology and equipment needed
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Are all the indicators of development associated with one another?
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yes
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Why did Southeast Asia have a traditionally low population?
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heat/rainfall, typhoons, tsunamis, and volcanoes
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Which area of employment is increasing in MDCs?
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teritiary (quarternary/quinary)
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What is the key problem with using GDP or PC GDP as an economic indicator ?
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wealth is not evenly distributed
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Define gross domestic product.
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value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given period of time
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What types of jobs are in the tertiary sector?
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retail banking law education government
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Why does gender inequality hinder development?
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not fullest potential of equality
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How is healthcare in the US similar to that found in LDCs?
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individuals have to pay 55% of it
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What is the AP definition of development?
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process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology
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Are consumer goods common to most people in LDCs?
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no
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What is Russia's biggest economic asset?
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oil resources
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Where are LDCs located (in terms of the North/South divide, Core/Periphery, Brandt Line, and Domain/Sphere)?
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south divide periphery below brandt
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What are the 5 stages of Walt Rostow's model? Name a few characteristics of each.
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Traditional society-lots of subsistence agriculture
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India has embrace what economic model of development?
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international trade alternative
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When you look at the various levels of development within nations it can be concluded that there is a high degree of _____________ in the different regions. (Mexico, Brazil).
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variation
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Under the self sufficiency model what three things hindered international trade?
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tariffs, quotas, and licenses
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What are the 3 problems with promoting development through the international trade model? (biggest)
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uneven resource distribution
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Compare the numbers of the primary sector workers in MDCs and LDCs.
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more in LDCs but on the decline
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What does it suggest when a country has a large percentage of people working in agriculture?
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primary jobs, high illiteracy less GEM
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Define GEM.
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Compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making
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What is the biggest problem that LDCs face in financing development?
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paying back loans
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Why does Southwest Asia and Norh Africa have greater potential for development?
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very valuable petroleum
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What are the indicators of development (specifics)?
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HDI, literacy rate, *GDP per capita, job type, education, consumer goods, productivity, LE,
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Most LDCs have a PC GDP of less than ______________.
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$3,000
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Define value added.
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gross value of the product minus cost of raw materials and energy
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The self-sufficiency model stress equal investment in what areas?
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economy and all religion
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Identify examples of primary economic activities.
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agriculture fishing, mining, forestry
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Define GDI.
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compares level of development of women with that of both sexes
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Identify examples of secondary economic activities.
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manufacturing, transforming, raw materials
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Identify examples of tertiary economic activities.
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retail, banking, law, education, government
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Identify examples of quinary economic activities.
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scientific research, high management
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Identify examples of quarternary economic activities.
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real estate legal services maintenance
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Define GDP.
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gross domestic product
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What was Japan's principal asset in development?
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skilled labor force that specializes in high quality and high value for a low price
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What was the key element in Saudi Arabia's international trade alternative?
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petroleum reserves
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Where are petroleum reserves of Southwest Asia clustered?
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border the Persian Gulf
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Where are the highest levels of development in Latin America found?
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coastal areas Brazil
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What less developed region has a higher percentage of people living in urban areas?
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Latin America
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What are the criticisms of structural adjustment programs?
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poverty worsens, cuts i education,
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Identify characteristics of the fair trade movement.
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fair pay, fair conditions
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Who are the four Asian dragons?
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Taiwan South Korea Hong Kong Singapore
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What is the role of the world bank?
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lend money to ledcs for development
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What is developmemt?
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The process of improving the material conditions of people through the diffusion of technology and knowledge
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What does MDC and LDC stand for?
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MDC- more developed country LDC- less developed country
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What is HDI?
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The Human Development Index
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What are the 3 categories that make up HDI?
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Economic, social, and demographic
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What are the 4 factors that make up HDI?
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GDP, literacy rate, education, and life expectancy
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Which country has the highest HDI? A) USA B) Norway C) China D) Japan
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B) Norway 0.971
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Which country has the lowest HDI? A) Nigeria B) South Africa C) Haiti D) Niger
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D) Niger 0.340
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What is the highest possible HDI?
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1.000
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What was the GDP of the US in 2009?
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$14 trillion
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What is the GDP per capita of the US in 2009?
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$45,600
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What does per capita GDP show?
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The potential for citizens to enjoy a comfortable life
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What is the primary sector?
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It includes workers who work through agriculture, mining, fishing, and forestry
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What is the secondary sector?
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It includes workers that are manufacturers
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What is the tertiary sector?
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It is the issuing of goods and services in exchange for money. It includes retailing, banking, law, education, and government
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What patterns do we see between the 3 sectors?
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Primary sector has decreased in LDCs but is still higher than MDCs. Secondary sector has decreased in MDCs and is now less than LDCs. Tertiary sector is large and still growing in MDCs.
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What is productivity?
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The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it
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What is value added?
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Gross value of the product minus the costs of materials and energy
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Why are MDCs more productive than LDCs?
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MDCs have access to technology and education while LDCs don't have machines that can do the work for them
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What are consumer goods?
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They are items that make life easier
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What are some social indicators of development?
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Education- the student/teacher ratio is more than 30 in LDCs but less than 20 in MDCs Literacy rate- the percentage of people who can read and write (greater than 98% in MDCs while less than 60% in LDCs)
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What is the difference in health between MDCs and LDCs?
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MDCs have more money to spend on health care than LDCs. LDCs also eat less calories than average which leads to hunger and death
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What is life expectancy?
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The average amount of time that people are supposed to live
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What is the life expectancy in MDCs and LDCs?
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MDCs- in the 70's LDCs- in the 60's
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What does the IFR (infant mortality rate), NIR, and CBR have in common?
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They are all larger in LDCs than in MDCs
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Where are the more developed regions?
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North America and Europe
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What is happening with Russia's economy?
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Their HDI decreased after the Soviet Union, increased after the export of oil, and is now expected to decrease because of the global recession. It is currently at 0.73 HDI
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What is happening with Japan's economy?
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They sold products at low prices to gain control of the economy and are now selling high-value products like electronics and cars. Their HDI is 0.96
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What is happening in Latin America?
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They have MDCs conditions in large cities near the coast but have LDCs conditions away from the coast. Their HDI is 0.82
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What is happening with China's economy?
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Their are paying their workers lower amounts of money than MDCs so they can manufacture more goods. Their HDI is 0.72
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How is Walmart helping China?
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Walmart is manufacturing most of their products in China and then are shipping the products to the US for distribution
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Why is the Middle East wealthy? A) Gold B) Manufacturing C) Oil D) Farming
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C) Oil
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What is happening in Southeast Asia?
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They have bad conditions for farming but plant things that help in manufacturing like palm oil. Their HDI is 0.73
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What is happening in South Asia?
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They get money from planting rice and wheat only if the monsoons arrive. (NO monsoons = NO money)
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Why is development so low in Sub-Saharan Africa?
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It has a lot of people in a small amount of land and they are not able to produce food. They also are hindered by a lot of civil wars between tribes
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What is GDI?
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Gender-Related Development Index
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What is GEM?
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Gender Empowerment Measure
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What is gender inequality?
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Many countries in LDCs have almost all of their income from men while MDCs have income from both genders
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What is the self-sufficiency approach?
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It is when country's spread investments throughout the economy and their land so there is no area in poverty
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What are the 3 barriers to international investments?
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Taxes, quotas limiting the quantity of goods, and the requirement of licenses to restrict legal importers
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What are the 5 stages of Rostow's Development Model?
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The traditional society, the preconditions for takeoff, the takeoff, the drive to maturity, and the age of mass consumption
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What are some examples of international trade?
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The Arabian Peninsula and the Four Asian Dragons (South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong)
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What are some problems with international trade?
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Uneven resource distribution, increased dependence on MDCs, and market decline
