AP Human Geography Chapter 8 Vocab Part 2 – Flashcards

places where core and periphery processes are both occurring; places that are exploited by the core but in turn exploit the periphery.

in the context of political power, the capacity of a state to influence other states or achieve its goals through diplomatic, economic, and militaristic means.

forces that tend to unify a country--such as widespread commitment to a national culture, shared ideological objectives, and a common faith.

forces that tend to separate a country--such as internal religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences.

a nation-state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state.

a political-territorial system wherein a central government represents the carious entities within a nation-state where they have common interests--defense, foreign affairs, and the like--yet allows these various entities to retain their own identities and to have their own laws, policies, and customs in certain spheres.

the process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government.

system wherein each representative is elected from a territorially defined district

process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people.

in the context of determining representative districts, the process by which the majority and minority populations are spread evenly across each of the districts to be created therein ensuring control by the majority of each of the districts; as opposed to the result of majority-minority districts

in the context of determining representative districts, the process by which a majority of the population is from the minority.

redistricting for advantage, or the practice of dividing areas into electoral districts to give one political party an electoral majority in a large number of districts while concentrating the voting strength of the opposition in as few districts as possible

vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below and the airspace above the surface.

political boundary defined and delimited (and occasionally demarcated) as a straight line or an arc.

political boundary defined and delimited (and occasionally demarcated) by a prominent physical feature in the natural landscape--such as a river or the crest ridges of a mountain range.

a geopolitical hypotheses, proposed by British geographer Halford Mackinder during the first two decades of the twentieth century, that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain sufficient strength to eventually dominate the world. Mackinder further proposed that since Eastern Europe controlled access to the Eurasian interior, its ruler would command the vast 'heartland' to the east.

process by which geopoliticians deconstruct and focus on explaining the underlying spatial assumptions and territorial perspectives of politicians.

world order in which one state is in a position of dominance with allies following rather than joining the political decision-making process.

a venture involving three or more nation-states involving formal political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives. The European-Union is one such organization.