AP Human Geography – Chapter 6 PowerPoint – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What are the 4 groupings for world religions?
answer
Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, and Islam These are the 4 largest religions, 77% of the world's people follow these religions 6% of the world follows folk religions The other 1% of the world follows Judaism and Sikhism
question
What is atheism?
answer
The belief that God does not exist
question
What is agnosticism?
answer
The belief that the existence of God can not be proven empirically
question
What is a universalizing religion?
answer
A global religion that tries to appeal to all people regardless of location or culture Examples: Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam
question
What is an ethnic religion?
answer
A religion that appeals to one group of people living in one place Examples: Folk religions and Hinduism
question
What are the differences between Universalizing religions and Ethnic religions?
answer
Universalizing/Ethnic Appeal to people everywhere VS. Has meaning in particular place only Individual founder (prophet) VS. Unknown source Message diffused widely (missionaries) VS. Content focused on place and landscape of origin Followers distributed widely VS. Followers highly clustered Holidays based on events in founder's life VS. Holidays based on local climate and agricultural practice
question
Where is Buddhism distributed?
answer
In Asia
question
Where is Christianity distributed?
answer
In the Western Hemisphere and most of Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa
question
Where is Hinduism distributed?
answer
In Asia
question
Where is Islam distributed?
answer
In Centra Asia, North Africa, and Southwest Asia
question
Where is Judaism distributed?
answer
In Israel
question
What is the regional diversity of East Asia?
answer
1/2 of people are unaffiliated, 1/2 of people are Buddhists
question
What is the regional diversity of Indonesia?
answer
Indonesia contains the highest population of Muslims
question
What is the regional diversity of Southeast Asia?
answer
A mixture of Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam can be observed
question
What is the regional diversity of South Asia?
answer
2/3 of people are Hindi, 1/3 of people are Islamic
question
What is the regional diversity of Sub-Saharan Africa?
answer
2/3 of people are Christian, 1/3 of people are Islamic
question
What are the three main universalizing religions?
answer
Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam
question
How many people follow Buddhism?
answer
400 million people
question
How many people follow Christianity?
answer
2 billion people
question
How many people follow Islam?
answer
1.3 billion people
question
What is a branch?
answer
A large, fundamental division
question
What is a denomination?
answer
A division of a branch Denominations connect local congregations
question
What is a congregation?
answer
A local assembly of persons brought together for common religious worship
question
What are the three main branches of Christianity?
answer
Orthodox, Protestant, and Roman Catholic
question
What percentage of Christians are Orthodox?
answer
12%
question
What percentage of Christians are Protestant?
answer
38%
question
What percentage of Christians are Roman Catholic?
answer
50%
question
What percentage of Europeans are Eastern Orthodox?
answer
35%
question
What percentage of Europeans are Protestant?
answer
18%
question
What percentage of Europeans are Roman Catholic?
answer
47%
question
In what part of Europe is Eastern Orthodox dominant?
answer
In East and Southeast Europe
question
In what part of Europe is Protestant dominant?
answer
In Northwest Europe
question
In what part of Europe is Roman Catholic dominant?
answer
In East and Southwest Europe
question
Sharp geographic patterns of Catholics and Protestants can not be found in Europe
answer
False
question
What percentage of people in Latin America are Catholic?
answer
81%
question
What percentage of people in North America are Catholic?
answer
32%
question
What percentage of people in the United States are Protestant?
answer
50%
question
What percentage of people in the United States are Catholic?
answer
29%
question
What percentage of Muslims are Sunni?
answer
88%
question
What percentage of Muslims are Shiites?
answer
12%
question
In what areas does the Sunni branch dominate?
answer
North Africa, Southeast Asia, Southwest Asia
question
In what areas does the Shiite branch dominate?
answer
Azberaijan, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and Yemon
question
What percentage of Europeans are Islamic?
answer
5%
question
Where can the largest percentage of Islamic Europeans be found?
answer
France
question
How many Muslims can be found in North America?
answer
1 to 5 million Muslims
question
What are the 3 branches of Buddhism?
answer
Mahayana, Theravada, and Vajrayana
question
What percentage of Buddhists are Mahayana?
answer
56%
question
What percentage of Buddhists are Theravada?
answer
38%
question
What percentage of Buddhists are Vajrayana?
answer
6%
question
Where does the Mahayana branch of Buddhism dominate?
answer
China, Japan, and Korea
question
Where does the Theravada branch of Buddhism dominate?
answer
Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand
question
Where does the Vajrayana branch of Buddhism dominate?
answer
Tibet and Mongolia
question
In what country is Hinduism concentrated?
answer
India
question
What percentage of Hindus live in Bangladesh?
answer
1%
question
What percentage of Hindus live in India?
answer
97%
question
What percentage of Hindus live in Nepal?
answer
2%
question
What are the 2 Hindu gods with the largest number of followers?
answer
Shiva and Vishnu
question
What does syncretic mean?
answer
A religion that combines several traditions
question
What religion holds a strong connection to traditional Chinese values?
answer
Confucianism
question
What is li?
answer
A set of ethical principles for daily life
question
What religion did Lao-Zi create?
answer
Taoism
question
What did Lao-Zi stress in Taoism?
answer
The mystical side of life, not public service
question
What do followers of Shamanism believe in?
answer
Invisible forces or spirits that affect the lives of the living
question
What do followers of Paganism believe in?
answer
Multiple Gods with human forms
question
How many animist adherents are there?
answer
100 million
question
What percentage of animists are concentrated in Africa?
answer
2%
question
What do followers of Animism believe in?
answer
That inanimate objects such as natural events, plants, and rocks, have conscious life and spirits
question
How is animism conveyed?
answer
Through oral tradition
question
What two religions replaced the traditional beliefs of animism?
answer
Christianity and Islam
question
How many Sikhism adherents are there?
answer
23 million people
question
Where was Sikhism founded?
answer
In the Punjab region of India
question
What do followers of Sikhism believe in?
answer
One supreme being That God is perfect That people can move towards perfection through accepting personal responsibility for their actions
question
When was Bahais founded?
answer
In the 1800's
question
What do followers of Bahais strive for?
answer
The end to disunity of religion The establishment of universal faith abolishing class, racial, and religious prejudice
question
How many Bahais adherents are there?
answer
8 million people
question
How many Judaism adherents are there?
answer
14 million people
question
What percentage of adherents of Judaism live in the United States?
answer
40%
question
What percentage of adherents of Judaism live in Israel?
answer
40%
question
What are the two Abrahamic religions?
answer
Christianity and Islam
question
Judaism is the first recorded monotheistic religion
answer
True
question
Israel was formerly known as what?
answer
Palestine, and before that Canaan
question
Who organized Juche?
answer
The leader of North Korea
question
What do followers of Spiritism believe in?
answer
That human personality continues after death
question
Where is Spiritism concentrated?
answer
Brazil
question
What percentage of Jainism followers live in India?
answer
95%
question
Where did the ethnic religion Shinto originate?
answer
Japan
question
How many adherents of Cao Dai are in Vietnam?
answer
4 million people
question
How many adherents of Zoroastrianism are there?
answer
2 to 3 million people
question
Where is Zoroastrianism concentrated?
answer
India, Iran, and the United States
question
Who is associated with the origin of Christianity?
answer
Jesus
question
When did Jesus live?
answer
From 4 BC to 30 AD
question
What did Jesus preach?
answer
The coming of God
question
Who are the 4 gospels who documented his life and miracles?
answer
John, Luke, Mark, and Matthew
question
How was Jesus punished for spreading his ideas?
answer
He was nailed to a cross
question
What do Christians believe Jesus died for?
answer
He died to atone for their sins
question
What is the oldest branch of Christianity?
answer
Roman Catholic
question
What do Roman Catholics believe in?
answer
Seven sacraments for grace
question
Who is the Pope?
answer
The head of the Roman Catholic church
question
Why did Protestants split from Roman Catholics?
answer
They split over worshipping the Pope
question
What do Protestants believe in?
answer
Personal salvation and relationship with God
question
Who is associated with the origin of Islam?
answer
Muhammad
question
Who is Muhammad a descendant of?
answer
Ishmael
question
What is the name of the angel that came to Muhammad?
answer
Gabriel
question
What does Allah mean?
answer
One true God
question
Islam shares the same origin of God as Christianity and Judaism
answer
True
question
Christianity, Islam, and Judaism all believe in Abraham, Jesus, and Moses
answer
True
question
In what year was Islam created?
answer
622
question
What is Hijrah?
answer
The migration to Medina
question
What does Islam mean?
answer
The submission to the will of Allah
question
What is a Muslim?
answer
One who submitted to Islamic faith
question
What is the holy text of Islam?
answer
Koran
question
What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
answer
There is one God and Muhammad is his messenger Prayer five times daily, facing Mecca The giving of alms (charity) to the poor Fasting during Ramadan for purification and submission If body and income allow, a Muslim must make a pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca
question
What do Shiites believe in?
answer
Caliphs should be descendants of Muhammad which are considered divine by birth
question
What do Sunni believe in?
answer
Muhammad is the last divinely inspired individual Caliphs, or the successors of Muhammad, are the keepers of political independence and religious integrity Caliphs are of NO religious significance
question
Who founded Buddhism?
answer
Siddhartha Gautama
question
What did Siddhartha's father want him to be?
answer
A ruler
question
Where was Siddhartha kept his whole life?
answer
In his palace
question
What did Siddhartha see on his 4 ventures outside his palace?
answer
An old man, a sick man, a corpse, and a wondering holy man
question
What did Siddhartha realize from his ventures?
answer
Everyone gets old, sick, and dies That only a religious path gives peace of mind
question
What was Siddhartha seeking during his 6 years in the forests of India?
answer
Enlightenment
question
What does Buddha mean?
answer
The enlightened one
question
What do Buddhists believe in?
answer
The 4 Noble Truths
question
In what branch is Buddhism a full time occupation?
answer
Theravada
question
In what branch is Buddhism a way of life and helping people?
answer
Mahayana
question
In what branch is Buddhism a means of practical rituals?
answer
Vajrayana
question
What are the Four Noble Truths?
answer
Life is filled with suffering and sorrow People's selfish desire for the temporary pleasures causes suffering The way to end all suffering is to end all desire The way to overcome such desires and attain enlightenment is the Eightfold Path
question
Who are Aryans?
answer
Pastoral people who take over India
question
What did Aryans bring?
answer
Vedas, which are unwritten stories of prayers, rituals, and spells
question
What do these stories do?
answer
They mix with the beliefs of natives
question
Vedas are also the Hindu texts
answer
True
question
What is reincarnation?
answer
An endless cycle of death What you reincarnate into is based on your Karma and Dharma
question
What are the most sacred sites in Hinduism?
answer
Coastlines and river banks
question
How did Christianity diffuse through contagious diffusion?
answer
Daily contact with believers
question
How did Christianity diffuse through hierarchical diffusion?
answer
Emperors and Kings converted to Christianity
question
How did Christianity diffuse through relocation diffusion?
answer
Colonialization, Missionaries, and Roman Roads
question
Who was the first Caliph to expand the meaning of Jihad?
answer
Abu-Bakr
question
What does Jihad enforce?
answer
The conquering of lands, resulting in the spread of Islam Religious tolerance for "people of the book": Christians and Jews
question
How did Islam diffuse through relocation diffusion?
answer
Missionaries traveled to Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa
question
Why does Indonesia contain a surplus of Muslims?
answer
Trading
question
Who is Asoka?
answer
The ruler of India Buddhism
question
What did Asoka do?
answer
He sponsored missionaries in Kashmir, the Himalayas, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka
question
What did India take part in?
answer
Trading with China
question
What do ethnic religions lack?
answer
Missionaries devoted to conversion
question
The diffusion of universalizing religions puts ethnic religions at risk
answer
True
question
Universalizing and ethnic religions can not be merged
answer
False
question
Ethnic religions only spread through migration
answer
True
question
Where do the majority of Christian migrants immigrate to?
answer
Europe and North America
question
The majority of people living in Quebec, Canada follow what branch of Christianity?
answer
Roman Catholic
question
Roman Catholic was brought to Quebec, Canada by what group?
answer
The French
question
The other provinces of Canada follow what branch of Christianity?
answer
Protestant
question
Where are Baptists in the United States clustered?
answer
In the South
question
Baptism spread from white masters to slaves
answer
True
question
Why did Baptism remain in the South?
answer
Agriculture resulted in little migration into the area
question
Where are Mormons in the United States clustered?
answer
In the West
question
Who founded Mormonism?
answer
Joseph Smith
question
Where did Joseph Smith move to for religious freedom after being persecuted?
answer
Utah
question
Utah lacks in-migration due to what?
answer
Agriculture
question
Where are Lutherans in the United States clustered?
answer
In the North and Midwest
question
Why did Lutheran Germans come to the United States?
answer
They were contracted to farm here
question
Families moved in to the United States due to what phenomenon?
answer
Chain migration
question
What kept in-migration down?
answer
The lack of urbanization
question
Where are Catholics in the United States clustered?
answer
In New England and Mid Western cities Also in the Southwest
question
Where did Catholics immigrate to New England and Mid Western cities in the United States from?
answer
Eastern Europe, Ireland, and Italy
question
Where did Catholics immigrate to the Southwest in the United States from?
answer
Latin America
question
What percentage of Islamic migrants are attracted to North Africa and Southwest Asia?
answer
34%
question
The largest number of Islamic migrants travel to what country?
answer
Saudi Arabia
question
What percentage of international Islamic migrants are attracted to Europe?
answer
34%
question
What countries do international Islamic migrants travel to in Europe?
answer
France, Germany, and Russia
question
Where do international Islamic migrants come from?
answer
Morocco and Turkey
question
What is the main destination of followers of Judaism?
answer
Israel
question
What war displaced many Jews?
answer
World War II
question
Jews are found all over the world due to what?
answer
Diaspora
question
What is Diaspora?
answer
The dispersion of Jews starting in 70 AD with the Roman Empire
question
When did ghettos for Jews begin?
answer
In the 16th century
question
The Church was created in God's image
answer
True
question
Is Church attendance important to religion?
answer
Yes
question
Considerable wealth is spent on building
answer
True
question
Does the Church reflect beliefs and regional architecture?
answer
Yes
question
Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches are ostentatious
answer
True
question
Protestant churches are austere and simple
answer
True
question
In Islamic faith, what are the places for community worship?
answer
Mosques
question
What is a minaret?
answer
A tower for Muzzan to summon people to worship
question
What are Sikh Gurdwaras?
answer
Temples
question
What are synagogues?
answer
Jewish places of prayer, public assembly, and study
question
What are Houses of Worship?
answer
Baha'I Places of Worship
question
What are Pagodas?
answer
Buddhist Places of Worship
question
What do Pagodas contain?
answer
Relics of Buddha's body or clothing
question
Are Pagodas used for congregational worship?
answer
No
question
In Hinduism, where do important religious functions take place at?
answer
Home
question
Do Hindu temples serve as a shrine to one or more gods?
answer
Yes
question
In Utopia, how are settlements arranged?
answer
Buildings and economic activities integrate religious principles
question
What is an example of an early Utopian settlement?
answer
Bethlehem, Philadelphia
question
What are examples of Utopian settlements for Mormons?
answer
Salt Lake City
question
Mormon churches are strategically structured around the city
answer
True
question
What are other examples of Utopian settlements?
answer
Puritans colonial settlements
question
What are toponym examples for Roman Catholic?
answer
Quebec and the United States Southwest
question
What religions have well defined geographic structure and territory organized into local administrative units?
answer
Hierarchical religions
question
What are Latter-Day Saints highest authorities?
answer
The Board and the President
question
What is the Roman Catholic hierarchy?
answer
Pope > Archbishops > Bishops > Priests
question
What are subcategories of Protestant?
answer
Episcopalian, Lutheran, and Methodist
question
What is a holy place?
answer
A place considered sacred
question
In universalizing religions, how are holy places characterized?
answer
They are related to the founder's life
question
In ethnic religions, how are holy places characterized?
answer
They are related to the physical environment
question
What is a pilgrimage?
answer
A journey to a sacred place for religious purposes
question
The 2 most important events in Buddha's life are what?
answer
His birthplace, which is Lumbini, Nepal, and where he reached Nirvana, which is Bodh Gaya, India
question
Holy places in Buddhism are also sights where his miracles took place
answer
True
question
What is The Hajj?
answer
The pilgrimage to the Ka'ba
question
What is Mecca?
answer
The birthplace of Muhammad
question
What is at the center of the Great Mosque?
answer
A cube-like structure
question
What was previously at the center of the Great Mosque?
answer
A tribal shrine, which was taken by Muhammad
question
When circling the Great Mosque, what do people wear?
answer
The same white robes
question
What do the people circling the Great Mosque's outfits represent?
answer
Unity and equality of Islam
question
What percentage of travelers to Mecca are from Asia?
answer
20%
question
What percentage of travelers to Mecca are from the Middle East?
answer
40%
question
What percentage of travelers to Mecca are from North Africa?
answer
40%
question
Why is the number of Indonesians traveling to Mecca reduced?
answer
Long travel
question
What are Hindi holy places tied to?
answer
Physical geography
question
What is the pilgrimage to the Himalayas and the Ganges of Hinduism for purification called?
answer
Hindi Tirtha
question
What is cosmogony?
answer
A set of religious beliefs concering the origins of the universe
question
What do Christians and Muslims believe about the origins of the universe?
answer
God (Allah) created the universe
question
What do Chinese religions believe about the origins of the universe?
answer
Two forces are responsible: Yin and Yang
question
What do animist religions believe about the origins of the universe?
answer
The powers of the universe are mystical
question
When it comes to disposal of the dead, which three religions take part in burying corpses in cemeteries?
answer
Christianity, Islam, and Judaism
question
China traditionally buried the dead, what do they now encourage?
answer
Cremation because of lack of space
question
What do Hindus do for disposal of the dead?
answer
The corpse is washed in the Ganges and burned with a slow fire on a funeral pyre
question
What do Micronesians do for disposal of the dead?
answer
Disposal at sea
question
Events of Islam are coordinated with what calendar?
answer
The Lunar Calendar
question
What is Ramadan?
answer
The Holy Month
question
When do Muslims fast?
answer
During daylight
question
The Buddhist calendar is coordinated with what?
answer
Buddha's birth, enlightenment, and death
question
When does Christmas take place?
answer
December 25th
question
When does Easter take place?
answer
The first Sunday after the first full moon of the spring equinox
question
In Judaism, major holidays are based on what?
answer
Events in the agricultural calendar
question
What is an example of a Pagan holiday?
answer
The Winter Solstice
question
Karma and reincarnation support what system?
answer
The Caste System
question
What is a caste?
answer
A life sentence
question
The Caste System dominated what?
answer
Every aspect of life: dress, foods, friends, marriage, and work
question
What two aspects are important in regards to the Caste System?
answer
Cleanliness and Purity
question
The Caste System makes a significant impact on what areas?
answer
Rural areas
question
What does "Brahmin" contain?
answer
Priests and scholars Men could achieve Moksha Aryan descent
question
What does "Kshatriya" contain?
answer
Rulers and warriors Men could achieve Moksha Aryan descent
question
What does "Vaishya" contain?
answer
Peasants and the traders Men could achieve Moksha Aryan descent
question
What does "Shudra" contain?
answer
Laborers and craftspeople Could not achieve Moksha Non-Aryan descent
question
What are the untouchables?
answer
Butchers, gravediggers, and trash collectors outside the Caste Structure Could not achieve Moksha Non-Aryan descent
question
What is the hierarchy of the Caste system?
answer
Brahmin > Kshatriya > Vaishya > Shudra > Untouchables
question
In the communist manifesto, how did Karl Marx refer to religion?
answer
The opium of the people
question
What did the Soviet Union do regarding religion?
answer
They nationalized all religious buildings
question
What did people do in response to the Soviet Union's actions?
answer
Elderly people still worshipped Young people did not worship Religion dwindled in daily life
question
What did the fall of Communism call for?
answer
The revival of religion in Eastern Europe
question
The central Asian countries of the Soviet Union blocked who?
answer
Muslims
question
Why did central Asian countries of the Soviet Union block Muslims?
answer
Due to a disagreement over rewriting secular laws to incorporate Islam
question
What does globalization mean for religion?
answer
The popular culture of North America and Western Europe and economic development are not compatible with traditional values
question
What is fundamentalism?
answer
The literal interpretation of basic principles
question
Fundamentalism is the most important way a group can maintain a distinctive cultural identity
answer
True
question
The Taliban were originally supported by whom?
answer
Afghanistan and the western world
question
What came from the Taliban once they were in power?
answer
Strict laws and atrocities
question
What did the Taliban believe?
answer
They were chosen to purge Afghanistan of sin and violence and make it a pure Islamic state
question
What did the Taliban do?
answer
They banned non-Islamic and western activities They destroyed Buddhist statues as "graven images"
question
What do Islamic scholars criticize the Taliban for doing?
answer
Misreading the Qur'an
question
When were the Taliban overthrown?
answer
2001
question
Palestine, or the Promised Land, was given to whom?
answer
Father Abraham by God
question
What were customs and rituals of Judaism tied to?
answer
Agricultural heritage of ancient Hebrew tribes
question
When did Diaspora end?
answer
During the 20th century
question
The Western Wall of the Promised Land was destroyed by whom?
answer
Romans
question
Christians gained control of Palestine after whom?
answer
Rome
question
Christians hold what?
answer
Jerusalem
question
What is Jerusalem?
answer
The home of Jesus' life, death, and resurrection
question
What is the Church of Holy Sepulcher believed to be?
answer
Where Jesus was resurrected and ascended to Heaven
question
Muslims have occupied Palestine since when?
answer
The 7th century
question
What is the 3rd holiest Islamic city where Muhammad ascended to Heaven and Abraham devoted himself to God?
answer
Jerusalem
question
What is the Dome of the Rock?
answer
A temple over rock where Abraham was to sacrifice his son Isaac for God This is also where Muhammad ascended to Heaven
question
What are the Crusades defined as?
answer
Initial European successes but eventual defeat to Muslims
question
After WWI, who controlled Palestine?
answer
Great Britain
question
Did Britain withdraw from Palestine after WWII?
answer
Yes
question
What did the post WWII United Nations decision regarding Palestine consist of?
answer
Palestine was split into 1 Jewish Nation, Israel, and 1 Muslim Nation, Jordan, in 1948 Jerusalem was an international city open to all
question
What did Islamic states immediately do?
answer
They declared war on Israel This action split Jerusalem in 1949
question
What were the events of the Six-Day War in 1967?
answer
Israel gained territory: West Bank (all of Jerusalem), Gaza Strip, and Sinai Peninsula Sinai Peninsula is given back to Egypt in exchange for peace and recognition of its legitimacy as a country The Gaza Strip and West Bank is still being fought over
question
What are Palestinians?
answer
Muslims who lived or continue to live in the area now known as Israel Especially those areas won by Israel during the Six-Day War
question
What are Palestinians upset over?
answer
Migration of Jewish people into the West Bank
question
Jewish people are responsible for what percentage of the population of the West Bank?
answer
10%
question
The Israeli government has done what to protect these citizens?
answer
Enforced military control
question
Palestine Liberation Organization:
answer
...with Israel and now granted limited... control but unsatisfied
question
What are the 2 Palestinian parties?
answer
Fatah and Hamas
question
What does the Fatah Party plan on doing?
answer
Recognize Israel if land taken during Six-Day war returned to Palestinians
question
What does the Hamas Party support?
answer
Refusal of the recognition of Israel Fighting for control of entire area
question
What is the Hamas Party considered by western world and Israel?
answer
A terrorist organization
question
What are the largest cities within 40 miles of Palestine?
answer
Haifa and Tel Aviv
question
What does Jerusalem border?
answer
The West Bank
question
Israel is surrounded by mountains called what?
answer
Golan Heights
question
The Golan Heights are used for what purpose?
answer
Staging of attacks
question
The Golan Heights are controlled by Israel but still considered what?
answer
Hostile
question
What is a center of disagreements?
answer
The lack of intention of giving up control of Jerusalem
