AP Human Geography Chapter 4 Terms (Geography of Language) – Flashcards
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language
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A mutually agreed-on system of symbolic communication that has a spoken and usually a written way of expression.
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dialect
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A distinctive local or regional variant of a language that remains mutually intelligible to speakers of other dialects of that language, often a subtype of a language.
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pidgin
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A composite language consisting of a small vocabulary borrowed from the linguistic groups involved in commerce.
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creole
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A language derived from a pidgin language that has acquired a fuller vocabulary and become the notice language of its speakers.
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lingua franca
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An existing, well-established language of communication and commerce used widely where it is not a mother tongue.
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bilingualism
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The ability to speak two languages fluently.
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language family
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A group of related languages derived from a common ancestor.
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polyglot
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A mixture of different languages.
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Anatolian hypothesis
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A theory of language diffusion holding that the movement of Indo-European languages from the area in contemporary Turkey known as Anatolia filled the spread of plantdomeswication technologies.
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Kurgan hypothesis
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A theory of language diffusion holding that the spread of Indo-European languages originated with animal domestication in the central Asian stripes and grey more aggressively and swiftly than proponents of Anatolian hypothesis maintain.
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isogloss
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The border of usage of an individual word of pronunciation.
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slang
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Words and phrases that are not part of a standard, recognized vocabulary fro a given language but that are nonetheless used and understood by many speakers.
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ethnolect
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A dialect spoken by a particular ethnic group.
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language hotspots
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Those places on Earth that are home to the most unique, misunderstood, or endangered languages.
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linguistic refuge area
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An area protected by isolation or inhospitable environmental conditions in which a language or dialect has survived.
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toponym
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A place-name usually consisting of two parts: the generic and the specific.
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generic toponym
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The descriptive part of many place-names, often repeats throughout a culture area.
