AP Human Geography Chapter 3 Vocab. – Flashcards
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Bracero Program
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A Mexican laborer allowed into the US for a limited time as a seasonal agricultural worker.
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Refugee Camps
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Shelter for persons displaced by war or political oppression or for religious beliefs
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Remittances
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Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries
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Reverse Remittances
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Money sent to migrants from family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, to the migrant
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Cyclic Movement
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Movement that has a closed route repeated annually or seasonally
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Periodic Movement
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A form of migration that involves intermittent but recurrent movement, such as temporary relocation for college or service in the military
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Migration
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A change in residence intended to be permanent
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Activity Spaces
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The space within which daily activity occurs
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Nomadism
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Movement among a definite set of places, in matter of survival, culture, and tradition.
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Transhumance
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A seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between lowland and highland pastures
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International Migration
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Movement across country borders
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Emigration
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Leave one's own country in order to settle permanently in another
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Immigration
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The action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country
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Internal Migration
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Migration flow within a nation-state
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Forced Migration
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Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate
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Voluntary Migration
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Population movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity, not because they are forced to move
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Human Trafficking
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The illegal movement of people, typically for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation
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Laws of Migration
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Developed by British demographer Ernst Ravenstein, 5 laws that predict the flow of migrants
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Gravity Model
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Predicts that the optimal location of a service is directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it
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Push Factors
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Those that push you away from your current abode, such as weather, economy, and family
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Pull Factors
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Those that pull you towards a certain destination, such as weather, economy, and family
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Distance Decay
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The various degenerative effects of distance on human spatial structures and interactions
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Step Migration
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Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages. For example, from farm to nearby village to town to city
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Intervening Opportunity
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An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that helps migration
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Deportation
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The act of expelling a person from their native land
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Kinship Links
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Types of push or pull factors that influence a migrant's decision to go where family or friends have already found success
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Chain Migration
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Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there
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Immigration Wave
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Phenomenon whereby different patterns of chain migration build upon one another to create a swell in migration from one origin to the same destination
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Colonization
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The movement of settlers and their culture to a new country
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Guest Workers
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Citizens of poor countries who obtain jobs in Western Europe and the Middle East
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Regional Scale
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Interactions occurring within a region, in a regional setting
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Migration
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A change in residence intended to be permanent
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Islands of Development
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Place built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure
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Russification
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Spreading Russians from the heartland of Russia towards the East
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Refugees
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People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion
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Internally Displaced Persons
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Groups and individuals who flee an area due to conflict or famine but still remain in their country of origin. These populations often live in refugee like conditions but are harder to assist because they typically do not qualify as refugees
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Asylum
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A shelter from danger or hardship
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Repatriation
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A refugee or group of refugees turning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non-governmental organization
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Genocide
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Mass Murder of one race
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Immigration Laws
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Laws and regulations of a state designed specifically to control immigration into the state
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Selective Immigration
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Process to control immigration in which individuals with certain backgrounds are barred from immigrating
