AP Human Geography Chapter 10: Agriculture-Review – Flashcards
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Degradation of land, esp. in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting is called what?
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Desertification
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A method of planting seeds which is reproduced by sexual reproduction like in flowers or fruit is called what?
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Seed planting
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Ranchers and farmers are subject to 3 factors when trying to select the type of agriculture crop to raise in the AP region they reside are what?
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Economics, environment, culture
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What were the first agriculturists called?
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Hunter gatherers
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The Mediterranean climate producers 2 types of main crops. What are they?
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Olives and grapes
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The domestication of animals was extremely successful thousands of years ago in which AP region?
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SW Asia
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Between what 2 rivers was the domestication of animals thousands of years ago most successful?
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Tigris and Euphrates rivers
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Crop rotation is found in what kind of MDC farming?
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Grain
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What would another name for "shifting cultivation" be?
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Slash and burn
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What is the type of agriculture practiced by the largest percentage of the world's people?
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Intensive subsistence
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What is the most important reason for dividing the world into agriculture regions?
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Whether the the product is consumed on or off the farm
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Which type of agriculture occupies the largest percent of the world's land area?
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Shifting cultivation
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The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures is called what?
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Transhumance
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What is the agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm is called?
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Commercial
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The rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, esp. new high-yield seeds and fertilizers is called what?
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Green Revolution
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What does it mean by the White Revolution in India?
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Producing milk for poor to be able to buy
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What is the form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals called?
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Pastoral Nomadism
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Wheat planted in the autumn and harvested in early summer is which kind?
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Winter
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What are the 4 types of LDC farming?
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Intensive subsistence, shifting cultivation, plantation, and pastoral nomadism
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In the early 1800s, USA ranchers abided by the open range concept also known as the what?
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Code of the west
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Although this type of LDC farming takes place in LDCs, the real profit and owner belongs to the MDCs. Which type is this?
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Plantation
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Most crops in Mediterranean land are grown for what rather than for animal feed?
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Human eating
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Which LDC farming is found in the tropical regions with an "A" type of climate?
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Shifting cultivation
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What are the 2 problems that dairy farmers currently face in the USA?
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1. Expensive feed 2. Intensive labor time
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Mixed cropping also involves including what other type of farming?
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Livestock
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The first ring surrounding a city from which milk can be supplied is called what?
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Milkshed
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What is the mist widely produced grain crop in the USA?
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Wheat
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Farmers make up what percentage of the USA labor force?
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2%
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There are five principal features that distinguish commercial agriculture from subsistence agriculture. What are they?
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1. Purpose of farming 2. Percentage of farmers in the labor force 3. Use of machinery 4. Farm size 5. Relationship of farming to other businesses
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The origins of agriculture cannot be documented with certainty because of why?
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It began before recorded history.
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Agriculture is caught up in the what of the economy as other industries?
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Globalization
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What percentage of world farmers are in LDCs?
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97%
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Farmer jobs belong to what type of AP jobs?
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Primary
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Which AP region was the hearth for corn, beans, and potatoes?
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Latin America
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Where did the horse originate as far as AP regions?
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SW Asia
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Where did the turkey originate as far as AP regions?
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Latin America
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Rice is thought to have been domesticated in what AP region more than 10,000 years ago?
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East Asia
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There are only about 350,000 modern day people like the Bushmen and Pila Nguru people. What are they called in AP language?
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Hunters and Gatherers
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There are two major points that make up what the Green Revolution is about. What are they?
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Produces new strains of plans with higher yields and shifts from subsistence to commercial farming.
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What are 3 practices of the Green Revolution?
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1. Irrigation 2. Insecticides 3. Artificial fertilizer 4. Hybridization 5. Disease resistance crops 6. Mechanical machinery
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Rent according to Von Thunen's Model of Agriculture includes 2 considerations. What are they?
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1. Which crops to cultivate or which animals to raise based on locations from the market place. 2. Cost of land versus cost of transporting products to market.
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