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Agribusiness

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A term referring to every business involved in commercial farming in one - farms, factories, suppliers, ad agencies, processing, etc.

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Agriculture

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The raising of animals or the growing of crops on tended land to obtain food for primary consumption by a farmer's family or for sale off the farm

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Animal Domestication

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The process of taming an animal species to be accustomed to humans and human contact

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Cereal Grain

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A grass with starchy grains, which are used in many different foods

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Combine

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A machine that harvests, threshes, and cleans grain crops

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Commercial Agriculture

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The farming of products for sale off the farm

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Crop

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A yield of a plant that is grown in abundance to be harvested as food, fodder, fuel, or commercial sale

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Crop Rotation

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The planting of different crops each year to replenish the soil's nutrients that were lost to a previous crop

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Desertification

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The extreme deterioration of land in arid/semiarid regions due to loss of vegetation and soil moisture

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Double Cropping

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The growing of two crops per year to double agricultural output

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First Agricultural Revolution

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The slow change from non-agriculturally-based societies to more agriculturally-based societies through the understanding of seeds, watering, and plant care

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Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

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Organisms whose genetic material has been modified for increased agricultural output

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Grain

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The seed of a cereal grass

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Green Revolution

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The rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially high-yield seeds and fertilizers; also known as the Third Agricultural Revolution

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Horticulture

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The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers

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Intensive Subsistence Agriculture

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A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land

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Livestock Ranching

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The raising of livestock over an expanse of land for food products from the domesticated animals

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Luxury Crops

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Crops like tobacco that are grown for profit but not necessarily needed by a population

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Mediterranean Agriculture

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Agriculture practiced in areas with a Mediterranean climate; mostly horticulture

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Milkshed

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The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied

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Organic Agriculture

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Plants grown without green technology

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Pastoral Nomadism

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A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals

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Pasture

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Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing

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Plantation Agriculture

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Agriculture performed on a large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country

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Primary Economic Activity

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Any economic activity pertaining to the collecting, harvesting, and obtaining of raw materials

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Prime Agricultural Land

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The most productive farmland

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Quaternary Economic Activity

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Any economic activity pertaining to the collection, processing, and manipuation of information, capital, and culture - finance, government, insurance, legal services, etc.

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Ranching

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A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area

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Reaper

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A machine that cuts grain standing in a field

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Ridge Tillage

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A system of planting crops on ridge tops, in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation

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Sawah

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A field deliberately flooded for growing rice

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Second Agricultural Revolution

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The development of improved sanitation, storage, and fertilization techniques, allowing for greater food output; coincided with the Industrial Revolution in England and a higher population growth rate

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Secondary Economic Activity

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Any economic activity pertaining to the manufacturing of useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials

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Seed Agriculture

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The taking of seeds from existing plants and planting of them to produce new ones

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Slash-and-Burn Agriculture

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The clearing of vegetation and then burning of any remaining plants to make an arable plot of land

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Shifting Cultivation

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The moving of farm fields after several years in search of more productive soil after depleting the previous one

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Spring Wheat

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Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer

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Subsistence Agriculture

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The providing of food for direct consumption by the farmer and farmer's family

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Sustainable Agriculture

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Farming methods that preserve longterm productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides

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Swidden

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A patch of land clearing for planting through slash-and-burn agriculture

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Tertiary Economic Activity

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Any economic activity pertaining to the provision of services - transportation, banking, retailing, education, etc.

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Transhumance

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The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures

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Truck Farming

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Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so titled because the name came from a Middle English word meaning "bartering"

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Vegetative Planting

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The removing of part of a plant and putting it in the ground to grow a new plant

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Von Thunen Model

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A model developed by J.H. Von Thunen displaying different rings of agriculture surrounding a city based on transportation

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Wet Rice

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Rice planted on dry land in a nursery, then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth

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Winter Wheat

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Wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer

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