question

Define state

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An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government.

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Define soverignity

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The ability of a state to govern its territory free of its international affairs by other states

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Korea, one state if you agree that:

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The US and Russia had jurisdiction to partition the country Neither operates independently No ethnic differences= one country

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Korea, two states if you believe that:

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The UN made a good decision admitting them independently The original partitioning was legitimate Both governments operate independently

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China and Taiwan, one state if you believe:

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UN was correct in not admitting two countries Nationalists do not have the right to claim Taiwan

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China and Taiwan, two states if you believe:

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Cultural pride should dictate boarders Taiwan in sovereign Taiwan is economically independent Since communist gov. is not in place in Taiwan, Taiwan is independent

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Western Sahara or Sharawi Republic, one state if you believe:

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Spain's exist implies the independence of the region

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Western Sahara or Sharawi Republic, no state if you agree that:

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Without Morocco, the economic and political structures are not stable enough to succeed

question

List the six largest states in order:

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Russia, Canada, USA, China, Brazil and Australia

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How many micro states are recognized? What do many have in common? List six that can be found on a map

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About 2 dozen Many are islands Andorra, Antigua, Barbuda, Bahrain, Barbados, and Granada

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Ancient states

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Empire Building Wars common Walls as boarders Mesopotamia Near fertile land

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Early European states

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Language tied to boarders Land consolidation Estates Nation states Self-determination

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How would you link the ideas of the nation-state to the concepts of self-deterination? Which region of the world is aa good example of many nation-states

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A nation state is a state whose boundaries correspond wit habitation of an ethnicity and self-determination is essential in the governing of these states. Europe's boundaries were greatly influenced by language.

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What is the purpose of the United Nations?

answer

The UN serves as a forum to discuss international problems

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Give a brief history of the UN, highlighting events in 1955, 1960, and the 1990s

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1955- UN established, most members of the 16 members were European 1960- Addition of 17 more countries, many were previous French and British African colonies 1990s- Between 90' and 93', 26 countries were added mostly due to break up of USSR

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What is the difference between a multiethnic and a multinational state?

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Multiethnic- more than one ethnicity Multinational- many nationalities

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Why is Denmark a fairly good example of a nation-state?

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Nearly all Danish-speaking people live in Denmark. These people feel united and share a long history

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Denmark's non-Danish- Faroe Islands:

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group of islands, 50,000 people that do not speak Danish

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Denmark's non-Danish- Greenland:

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Only 12% of pop is Danish remainder is Inuit official language is Greenlandic

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Denmark's non-Danish- in mainland Denmark:

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guest workers from Turkey and refugees from Yugoslavia

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Why is Slovenia a relatively good example of a nation-state?

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83% of population is Slovenian Most Slovenians live in Slovania

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Of the three Baltic states that used to be in the USSR, which one is the best example of a nation-state? Why?

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Lithuania because Lithuanians are the majority, most are Roman Catholic, and most speak a Balto-slavic language

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Why are the states of Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova only "sort of" nation-states?

answer

No significant ethnic distinctions between nations, however each group is the majority in their state

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Which religion is predominately practiced in the European states?

answer

Orthodox Christianity

question

Which religion is predominately practiced in the central Asian states?

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Islam

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Name two examples of multi-national states in central Asia.

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Turkmenistan: 88% Turkmen Muslim majority Uzbekistan: 80% Uzbek Muslim majority

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Is Russia a nation-state? Why or why not?

answer

Yes because 80% of population is ethnically Russian and nearly all people speak Russian

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Azerbaijan turmoil

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Not unified separated by Armenian corridor 16 million live in Iran

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Armenia turmoil

answer

Territory disputes between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabkh

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Georgia turmoil

answer

Russia and a few other countries recognize Abkhazia and South Ossetia as independent states.

question

By definition, what is a colony?

answer

A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent

question

Define colonialism

answer

An attempt by one country to establish settlement and to impose its political, economic and cultural principals in another territory

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Three reasons Europeans sought colonies:

answer

To promote Christianity To extract useful resources and to serve as captive markets To establish relative global power

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Largest and second largest empires?

answer

1)United Kingdom 2) France

question

Location of UK colonies

answer

Eastern and Southern Africa South Asia Middle East Australia Canada

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Location of French colonies

answer

West Africa Southeast Asia

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UK colonial policies

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Protected diverse cultures, local customs & educational systems through decentralized approach Generally made peaceful transitions to independence

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French colonial policies

answer

Assimilate colonies into French culture -Educate elite group to provide leadership

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Largest remaining colonies

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Puerto Rico- US Pitcairn Island- UK Greenland- Denmark Hong Kong- China Macao - China

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Compact

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Advantage: less boundaries to defend and better communication ex) Poland, Uruguay and Lesotho

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Prorupted

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Why? To provide a resource To separate two states ex)DRC and Namibia

question

Elongated

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Issue? Poor internal communication ex) Malawi and Gambia

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Perforated

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how is it dependent on perfortee? imports and exports ex) Lesotho

question

Fragmented

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Two kinds? Separated by water or intervening state ex) Tanzania, Indonesia, Angola, Russia, Panama, India

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Where are most of the world's landlocked states?

answer

Africa

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Why there?

answer

Colonial legacy- boarders established by Europeans who built railroad systems to reach water

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What problems do landlocked states have?

answer

They must communicate with neighboring states that have seaports to gain access to imported goods

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Define frontier

answer

A zone where no state exercises complete control

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Characteristics of frontier

answer

tangible geographic area uninhabitable or sparsely settled replace boarders

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Mountains as physical boarders

answer

effective if difficult to cross contact maybe nearly impossible permanent usually sparsely inhabited ex) Andes

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Deserts as physical boarders

answer

hard to cross low population density common in Africa and Asia Ex)Sahara

question

Water (rivers) as physical boarders

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Provide good protection easily seen on maps location changes can be crossed easily ex) Lane Albert DRC and Uganda

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Two types of cultural boundaries

answer

Geometric (line on map) US boarder with Canada Ethnic (boundaries dependent on language, religion, ethnicity, etc.) India and Pakistan in 1940s

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Unitary state

answer

States where most power is in the hands of central gov't officials

question

Define federal state

answer

States that give strong power to units of local gov'ts within the country

question

Regarding unitary states, what are the three characteristics that tend to favor it for a country?

answer

1. Few internal differences; 2. Strong national unity; 3. Smaller states

question

Where are unitary states most common?

answer

Europe

question

Multinational states often adopt unitary systems for what reason? Also, describe an example where this has occurred

answer

So that the values of one nationality can be imposed on others. Kenya & Rwanda - one ethnic group has become dominant over weaker groups

question

Regarding federal states, what are two geographic conditions that tend to favor it for a country

answer

large states different nationalities

question

List good examples of federal states that fulfill these conditions rather well

answer

United States, Russia, Canada

question

Why has tiny Belgium adopted a federal system?

answer

To accommodate 2 cultural groups: Flemmish & Waloons

question

Why has enormous China adopted a unitary system?

answer

To promote Communist values

question

Why are boundaries of legislative districts occasionally redrawn? How often is this done in the U.S

answer

To ensure each district has same population; every 10 years following the census

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How is this type of boundary redrawing different in the U.S. than in Europe?

answer

In U.S. it's done by state legislature; in Europe

question

What is gerrymandering

answer

Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefitting the political party in power

question

What are the three types of gerrymandering? Explain them

answer

Wasted Vote: Spreads opposition supporters across many districts but in the minority Excess Vote: Concentrates opposition supporters into a few districts Stacked Vote: Links distant areas of likeminded voters through odd shaped boundaries

question

How is gerrymandering combined with ethnicity for political use

answer

Using stacked vote gerrymandering is attractive for creating districts inclined to elect ethnic minorities. By creating an ethnic district, it ensures the candidates election by that district

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Why is the idea of two superpowers a relatively new one?

answer

Prior to WWI there were 8 great powers that made temporary alliances

question

Define balance of power

answer

Equal strength between opposing alliances

question

Describe the purpose of NATO.

answer

Military alliance of 16 democratic states to prevent Soviet Union from overrunning smaller countries

question

Describe the purpose of the former "Warsaw Pact" countries

answer

Communist Eastern European countries to defend each other in case of attack & to provide Soviet Union with buffer states between it an Germany

question

What id the European Union? How has it grown since its founding

answer

Formed in 1958 Designed to help Europe recover by 2010 27 countries Promotes economic and political unity

question

List 3 facts about the OSCE (Organization on Security & Cooperation in Europe).

answer

1. 56 members; 2. Active forum for countries concerned with ending European conflicts; 3. Calls upon member states for troops

question

OAS (Organization of American States)

answer

All 35 western hemisphere states except Cuba Promotes social, cultural, political & economic links among members

question

AU (African Union)

answer

53 African countries Promoting economic integration in Africa

question

The Commonwealth

answer

United Kingdom & 52 other states once under British control Economic & cultural cooperation

question

By definition, what is terrorism

answer

Systematic use of violence by a group in order to intimidate a population or coerce a gov't into granting its demands

question

Libya

answer

Planning attacks using terrorists Libyan gov't sponsored bombing of German nightclub Libyans planted bombs that killed people on Pan Am flight over Scotland & UTA flight over Niger

question

Afghanistan

answer

Provided Sanctuary Taliban sheltered bin-Laden & Al-Qaeda

question

Iraq

answer

Supplying Weapons Belief by U.S. that they were creating weapons of mass destruction

question

Iran

answer

Provided Sanctuary Believed by U.S. to have harbored members of Al-Qaeda

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