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The cottage industry system involved manufacturing

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in the home

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In the 1700s, water pollution increased significantly when the chemical industry began to contribute to the textile industry through methods of

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bleaching and dyeing

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An analysis of this map of Europe indicates that railways

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were built in northern England before they appeared in southern England

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Given the earlier history of the chemical industry, we can hypothesize that its 20th-century contributions to the textile industry began to include

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the creation of synthetic fabrics

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The Industrial Revolution began in (where?)

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Great Britain

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The Industrial Revolution began in (when?)

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the later 1700s

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Prior to the Industrial Revolution, industry was geographically

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dispersed

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The most important transportation improvement in the eighteenth century was the

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canal

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Approximately three-fourths of the world's industrial production is concentrated in three regions, including which on the following?

answer

Eastern North America and Northwestern Europe

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Outside of the three world regions where industry is concentrated, the next two largest industrial producing countries are

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Brazil and India

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The map of North America's industrial areas show that

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much of the region's industry is concentrated around or near the Great Lakes

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Western Europe's principal industrial areas include all but which of the following?

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Portugal and western Spain

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The map of East Asia's industrial areas indicates that the region's chief manufacturing bases include

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parts of southeastern China

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The main source of power for steam engines and blast ovens is produced from

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coal

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What mining region has the most varied mineral deposits of the world, with over 1,000 minerals?

answer

the Ural mountains

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The only step of the copper production process that is not significantly bulk-reducing is

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refining

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The step of the copper production process that involves the crushing and grinding of particles is

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concentration

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The world's chief source for copper is

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Chile

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A copper concentration mill tends to locate near a copper mine because it is a

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bulk-reducing industry

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An analysis of this map of the copper industry in the United States indicates that

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more copper is minded in Utah, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Montana

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Metal fabrication plants are an example of a bulk-gaining industry because

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separate parts are combined to make more complex and massive products.

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Situation costs are critical to a firm that wish to

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minimize transport

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Producers of automobiles select assembly plant locations primarily for their closer access to

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markets for finished automobiles

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Beer bottling is an example of a

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bulk-gaining industry

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Fabricated metal production is an example of

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bulk-gaining industry

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Eastern North America became the continent's manufacturing center in part because it had access to the continent's

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largest markets

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The Chicago area became a significant asset for the Western Great Lakes region owing to its steel industries and its

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access to the nation's transportation network.

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The shift in steel production locations in the United States from the mid-nineteenth century-until the mid-twentieth century can best be described as

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starting in the Pittsburgh area and then migrating towards the Midwest before ending up on the East and west coasts as well as the Chicago area.

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In addition to the integrated mills, about one-fourth of U.S. steel production is now attributed to

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minimills which utilize scrap metal in many U.S locations

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Because the motor vehicle assembly is typically described as a bulk-gaining industry as well as a just-in-time delivery system, the most important factor when selecting a location for a new Toyota or Honda assembly plant in the United States was

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minimizing the cost of shipping finished vehicles to it its consumers

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Cities in India have a competitive advantage over cities in China as locations for international consumer services, such as call centers and bill processing. This advantage has its origins in which of the following?

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The English language legacy of British colonialism in India.

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If a manufacturing company uses a single, weight-losing raw material to manufacture its finished product, then most likley the company will

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locate its manufacturing plant at the raw material site.

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Which of the following best describes Alfred Weber's analysis of location decisions?

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It seeks to minimize costs among multiple inputs of production.

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Many companies moved their operations from New England and the Midwest to locations in the South because

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the South had less expensive site factors than northern regions.

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New U.S. automobile assembly plants have been built primarily in the

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Midwest and South, to minimize national distribution costs and reduce labor competition.

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The U.S. steel industry moved westward in the nineteenth century primarily because of better access to

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iron ore

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Minimills are more likely than integrated steel mills to select locations because of access to

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markets

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A company which uses more than one _______ will often locate near break-of-bulk points

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made of transport

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In order to become a global industrial power, Japan had to overcome which of the following problems?

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distance from consumers

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As indicated on this map of automobile assembly plants, in an effort to reduce labor competition and thus keep wages lower, there are only

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three plants in Tennessee, one in South Carolina, two in Mississippi, and three in Illinois.

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Although transportation costs rise because breaks in transportation, we can surmise that over very long distances the lowest-cost form of transporting goods is by

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ship.

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As indicated on the map of minimill facilities in the U.S.

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Nucor has operations in at least 20 different states

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According to these charts, the U.S share of global steel production

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decreased from 16 percent in 1980 to 6 percent in 2010

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Although many factors laborers in MDCs are paid $_____ per hour, factory laborers in LDCs may be paid less than $_____ per hour.

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35; 1

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According to this map of cotton yarn production, after China, India, and Pakistan the world leaders in yarn production include

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Argentina, the United States, Turkey, Kazakhstan, and Russia

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As a country's per capita income increases, its per capita carbon dioxide emissions

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also increase

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The average temperature of Earth's surface has increased by about

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1 celsius degree

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According to this graph, carbon dioxide emissions were approximately 300 PPM

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in the year 1990 and 375 PPM in the year 2000

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Compared to other industries, aluminum manufacturers are more likely to locate near sources of

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low-cost hydroelectricity

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The Tennessee Valley Authority brought

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electricity to much of the rural South in the 1930s.

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Despite the risks to the environment, the U.S Gulf Coast has become an important industrial area because of

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access to oil and natural gas fields.

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In Western Europe, _____ has experienced the most rapid manufacturing growth since the late twentieth century, especially after joining the European Union

answer

Spain

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Both Europe and the United States have seen interregional shifts of manufacturing but one difference is

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In Europe, government policies have encouraged relocation

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Twenty-three U.S states have so-called "right-to-work" laws that

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causes great deal of trouble for labor unions attempting to organize workers and bargain with employers.

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An analysis of these maps showing changes in U.S manufacturing from 1950 to 2010 indicates that (picture of U.S)

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the number of manufacturing jobs increased in California and Colorado, which are not "right-to-work" states.

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An analysis of these maps showing changes in U.S. manufacturing from 1950 to 2010 indicates that (no picture shown)

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the number of manufacturing jobs decreased markedly in Ohio, Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania

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Mexico's maquiladora plants

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have an advantage of proximity to U.S markets

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Mexico's maquiladora plants

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may be taking advantage of lax environmental enforcement.

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Maintaining control over all phases of a highly complex production process, as opposed to outsourcing, is known as

answer

vertical integration

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The new interventional division of labor reflects the growing importance of

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outsourcing

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Thus chart regarding U.S-made clothing indicates that the percentage of U.S made blouses and skirts being sold

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decreased from about 32 percent in 2000 to about 3 percent in 2010

question

The chart on manufacturing value as a percentage of GDP indicates that the share of manufacturing n developed countries

answer

was roughly equal to manufacturing in developing countries in the early 1980s.

question

What two location factors influence more industries to remain in the northeastern United States and northwestern Europe?

answer

skilled labor and rapid delivery to market

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In contrast to Fordlist production, Post-Fordlist production is more likely to

answer

introduce more work rules

question

Often a manufacturing company will attempt to merge with another that possesses forward or backward links in the supply or production process. Which of the following terms best describes this type of strategy?

answer

Vertical Integration

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