question

What is descriptive representation? a. When members of Congress serve on committees b. Representing constituents by mirroring their personal, politically relevant characteristics c. Representing the interests of groups d. Representing issues affecting the poor when the representative is extremely wealthy e. When members of Congress have not lived in their home district very long

answer

Representing constituents by mirroring their personal, politically relevant characteristics.

question

The late senator Edward Kennedy, who had a background of wealth and privilege and was a champion of the interests of the poor, is an example of

answer

substantive representation

question

Substantive representation refers to a. serving constituents through pork barrel projects. b. representing constituents by mirroring their personal, politically relevant characteristics. c. descriptive representation. d. representing the poor. e. representing the interests of groups.

answer

representing the interests of groups

question

The pork barrel and casework are examples of a. congressional continuity. b. descriptive representation. c. advertising techniques. d. opportunities for credit claiming by members of Congress. e. position taking.

answer

opportunities for credit claiming by members of Congress.

question

An example of casework by a member of Congress is a. working with a caucus on a public policy that affects his or her constituents. b. voting for a bill desired by constituents. c. writing a newsletter to send out to constituents. d. helping a constituent gain citizenship. e. All of the above are true.

answer

helping a constituent gain citizenship

question

Activities of members of Congress that help constituents as individuals are known as a. advertising. b. credit claiming. c. franking. d. casework. e. pork barrel politics.

answer

case work

question

Party loyalty at the voting booth is a. almost nonexistent today. b. greater among Democrats than among Republicans. c. still a good predictor of voting behavior. d. stronger than it was a generation ago. e. no longer a good indication of voting behavior.

answer

still a good predictor of voting behavior

question

According to the Constitution, revenue bills must originate in the a. Federal Reserve System. b. Treasury Department. c. Senate. d. House. e. Internal Revenue Service.

answer

house

question

Which of the following is TRUE of the Senate as compared to the House? a. The Senate is more centralized and is characterized by stronger leadership. b. The Senate is more influential in foreign affairs. c. The Senate is more influential on the budget. d. The Senate is smaller in number and less powerful and prestigious. e. In the Senate, seniority is important in determining power.

answer

The Senate is more influential in foreign affairs

question

One of the key differences between the House and Senate is that the Senate a. has stronger leadership. b. has a lower turnover rate. c. is less dependent on seniority for determining power. d. has more anarchy. e. is more centralized.

answer

is less dependent on seniority for determining power.

question

Within the last few years, power in Congress has become more a. constructive in terms of the relationship between the constituents and their representatives due to a large increase in well-informed constituents. b. controlled by the influence of interest groups and PACs. c. decentralized with the proliferation of subcommittees and caucuses. d. centralized, with more power in the hands of senior party leaders. e. dependent on the relationship between the members of Congress and the president as the chief legislator.

answer

decentralized with the proliferation of subcommittees and caucuses.

question

The Constitution gives the House of Representatives the power to a. try impeached officials. b. initiate all revenue bills. c. ratify all treaties. d. All of the above are true. e. confirm presidential nominations.

answer

initiate all revenue bills

question

The filibuster a. has been prohibited in both the House and Senate. b. is unique to the House. c. is allowed in both the House and the Senate. d. has been ruled unconstitutional. e. is unique to the Senate.

answer

is unique to the Senate

question

Why are so many senators reluctant to use cloture? a. For fear of setting a precedent to be used against them when they want to filibuster b. Because it has always been used as a stepping stone to the Speaker's job, and once used, they may not get a second chance at the job c. Because, in most cases, the House or Senate usually considers only the bills that obtain a favorable committee report d. Because they have to stay in their positions to monitor the bureaucracy, otherwise there would be no congressional oversight e. Because the size and complexity of today's government make it impossible for any one person to understand all the issues before the Senate

answer

For fear of setting a precedent to be used against them when they want to filibuster

question

________ members present and voting can halt a filibuster by voting for cloture. a. Seventy b. Eighty c. Seventy-five d. Sixty e. Fifty-one

answer

Sixty

question

The procedure used to cut off debate and end a filibuster is known as a. cloture. b. coattails. c. franking. d. overriding. e. hushing.

answer

Cloture

question

confirmation hearings

answer

a hearing held by the US Senate to gather information on whether to approve or reject candidates for high federal office who are nominated by the president

question

The minority whip a. assists the majority leader in party-line votes. b. becomes the Speaker automatically if the Speaker resigns. c. is used to punish members who do not vote with the rest of their party. d. represents African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans in each chamber of Congress. e. keeps a close head count on key votes and attempts to keep party members in lin

answer

keeps a close head count on key votes and attempts to keep party members in line

question

Party leaders who work with the majority or minority leader to count votes beforehand and lean on waverers whose votes are crucial to a bill favored by the party are called a. whips. b. filibusterers. c. pork barrellers. d. speakers. e. PACs.

answer

whips

question

Appropriations, Judiciary, and Armed Services are all examples of ________ committees. a. rule b. standing c. conference d. joint e. select

answer

standing

question

The House Committee on Ways and Means is a _________ committee. a. conference b. caucus c. standing d. joint e. select

answer

standing

question

When the House and the Senate pass different versions of the same bill, a. the House bill is changed to conform with the Senate bill. b. the Senate bill is changed to conform with the House bill. c. a joint committee is appointed to resolve differences. d. the president may select which bill to enact into law. e. a conference committee is appointed to resolve differences.

answer

a conference committee is appointed to resolve differences

question

Committees composed of members of both the House and the Senate, the purpose of which is to meet and iron out differences between bills, are called _______ committees. a. standing b. conference c. joint d. select e. temporary

answer

conference

question

president requirements

answer

35 years old, "natural-born citizen," resided in the U.S. for at least 14 years

question

The two-term limit was placed on the presidency by a. the Twenty-second Amendment. b. the Presidential Powers Act of 1951. c. Article II of the original Constitution. d. the Twenty-fifth Amendment. e. an act of Congress passed after Franklin D. Roosevelt's death

answer

Twenty-second Amendment

question

Impeachment of a president means that the president is a. All of the above are true. b. tried by the Senate. c. convicted of a crime. d. indicted by the House. e. removed from office.

answer

indicted by the House

question

Which of these is NOT one of the four generally held points regarding impeachable offenses? a. Impeachable behavior does not have to be a crime. b. An impeachable offense must be against a specific article of the Constitution. c. The offense should be grave for it to be impeachable. d. Impeachment is an inherently political process. e. A matter of policy disagreement is not grounds for impeachment.

answer

An impeachable offense must be against a specific article of the Constitution.

question

In order to impeach a president, it takes a a. majority vote in the House of Representatives. b. majority vote in the Senate. c. unanimous vote of the Supreme Court. d. two-thirds vote in the Senate. e. two-thirds vote in the House of Representatives.

answer

majority vote in the House of Representatives

question

In order to convict and remove an impeached president, it takes a. a majority vote in the Senate. b. Both b and d are true. c. a majority vote in the House of Representatives. d. a two-thirds vote in the Senate. e. a two-thirds vote in the House of Representatives.

answer

a two-thirds vote in the Senate

question

Article I discusses

answer

Congress and it's structure

question

The executive power is discussed in which part of the Constitution? a. Article I b. Tenth Amendment c. Article IV d. Article III e. Article II

answer

Article II

question

Article 3 discusses

answer

Judicial power and the Supreme Court.

question

The National Security Council a. helps the president make policy on such matters as inflation and unemployment. b. was established by President Roosevelt to manage foreign and domestic intelligence operations. c. links the president's key foreign and military policy advisors. d. is composed of the heads of the three branches of the armed services and makes recommendations to the president on combat strategy. e. was created by legislation to keep the president informed on foreign affairs.

answer

links the president's key foreign and military policy advisors

question

What does the National Security Council do? a. It links the president's key foreign and military policy advisors. b. It has responsibility for the FBI. c. It is in charge of the Secret Service. d. It is responsible for all elements of national security. e. It is principally responsible for the president when he's abroad.

answer

It links the president's key foreign and military policy advisors

question

The agency that reviews legislative proposals for the president is the a. Council of Economic Advisors. b. Office of Management and Budget. c. Legislative Executive Agency. d. National Security Council. e. Executive Legislative Agency.

answer

Office of Management and Budget

question

What is the major responsibility of the Office of Management and Budget? a. To prepare the president's budget b. Managing the White House staff c. Reviewing regulations proposed by departments and agencies d. To prepare the annual Economic Report of the President e. To link key foreign and military policy advisers to the economy

answer

To prepare the president's budget.

question

The system of White House management employed by President John Kennedy, sometimes referred to as "wheels and spokes," a. involved a chain of command with a chief of staff who controlled almost all access to the president. b. created a position from which the president personally took charge of even the minor details of decision making. c. involved many aides equally participating in the decision-making process. d. was unusually closed, with only the president and his two closest aides involved in most major decisions. e. dispersed authority to numerous aides, each of whom had powerful decision-making power.

answer

involved many aides equally participating in the decision-making process.

question

A vote in Congress to override a presidential decision is called a a. resolution. b. pocket veto. c. legislative veto. d. mandate. e. bully pulpit.

answer

legislative veto

question

What is the difference between a veto and a pocket-veto? a. A veto refers to the constitutional power of the president to send a bill back to Congress with reasons for rejecting it; a pocket veto occurs when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill and the president simply lets the bill die by neither signing it nor sending it back. b. A veto refers to the constitutional power of the president to send a bill back to Congress with reasons for rejecting it; the pocket veto has been declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. c. A veto can be overturned by a two-thirds majority vote of both houses of Congress; a pocket veto requires a two-thirds vote of the Senate only. d. The veto has rarely been exercised by modern presidents; the pocket veto has been exercised by modern presidents frequently. e. A pocket veto refers to the constitutional power of the president to send a bill back to Congress with reasons for rejecting it; a veto occurs when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill and the president simply lets the bill die by neither signing it nor sending it back.

answer

A veto refers to the constitutional power of the president to send a bill back to Congress with reasons for rejecting it; a pocket veto occurs when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill and the president simply lets the bill die by neither signing it nor sending it back

question

The pocket veto can only be used a. on appropriations bills. b. when Congress is in session. c. when a new president is about to take office. d. when Congress is adjourned. e. during a presidential election year.

answer

when Congress is adjourned

question

When a president vetoes congressional legislation, a. Congress must form a joint committee to address the president's complaints. b. one house of Congress can override the veto if it votes to do so with a two-thirds vote. c. the Supreme Court determines whether the law will take effect. d. Congress can override the veto by a two-thirds vote in both houses. e. there is nothing Congress can do about it.

answer

Congress can override the veto by a two-thirds vote in both houses

question

Presidential coattails refers to a. fundraising parties the president hosts to raise money for congressional candidates. b. a phenomenon resulting when members of Congress vote according to the wishes of the president. c. a phenomenon resulting when voters who support the president cast their ballots for congressional candidates of the president's party. d. the tendency for the president's party to lose congressional seats in midterm elections. e. the president's power to appoint members of his own political party to cabinet posts and as personal advisors.

answer

a phenomenon resulting when voters who support the president cast their ballots for congressional candidates of the president's party

question

The War Powers Resolution was passed as a reaction to a. America's fighting in Vietnam and Cambodia. b. America's inability to keep the peace in Somalia. c. America's fighting in Iraq. d. General MacArthur's dismissal by Harry Truman. e. America's fighting in Korea

answer

America's fighting in Vietnam and Cambodia

question

The purposes of the War Powers Resolution, passed in 1973, included a. None of the above is true. b. mandating the withdrawal of troops after 60 days unless Congress declared war or granted an extension to the conflict. c. All of the above are true. d. giving Congress a greater voice in committing American troops to armed conflict. e. requiring presidents to consult with Congress before using military force.

answer

All of the above are true.

question

Presidential Polls

answer

Higher = Easier it is to persuade others to support presidential initiatives. Lower = Harder to influence

question

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of recent presidents' presidential approval? a. Barack Obama ended the first year of his presidency with an approval rating of barely 50 percent approval. b. Presidents often do not have widespread public support. c. Of presidents Nixon, Ford, Carter, George W. Bush, and Reagan, only Reagan had an average approval rating above 50 percent. d. Partisan differences in presidential approval ratings declined during the presidencies of George W. Bush and Barack Obama. e. Individuals who identify with the president's party tend to rate the president about 40 more percentage points higher than those identifying with the opposition party.

answer

Partisan differences in presidential approval ratings declined during the presidencies of George W. Bush and Barack Obama

question

Which of these presidents was the only one to maintain an average approval rating of higher than 50 percent from the public throughout his administration? a. Nixon b. Ford c. Carter d. George Bush e. Reagan

answer

Reagan

question

Historically, those who identify with the president's party give approval more than ________ percentage points higher than do those who identify with the opposition party. a. 10 b. 20 c. 40 d. 50 e. 30

answer

40

question

A budget deficit occurs when expenditures exceed a. inflation. b. revenues. c. borrowing. d. authorizations. e. appropriations.

answer

revenues

question

An excess of federal expenditures over federal revenues is called a a. debt. b. deficit. c. tax expenditure. d. budget. e. tax.

answer

deficit

question

The fastest growing source of federal revenue has been a. borrowing. b. personal income taxes. c. social insurance taxes. d. corporate income taxes. e. fees for services.

answer

social insurance tax

question

Which of the following is not one of the major sources of federal revenues? a. Sales taxes b. Personal income taxes c. Social insurance taxes d. Borrowing e. Corporate income taxes

answer

Sales tax

question

The first income tax in America was adopted a. to pay for the American Revolution. b. in 1913 with the adoption of the Sixteenth Amendment. c. to pay for the Civil War. d. to build the White House. e. to create Social Security for elderly Americans.

answer

to pay for the Civil War

question

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution permitted the federal income tax? a. Eighteenth b. Fourteenth c. Tenth d. Sixteenth e. Fifteenth

answer

Sixteenth

question

The Sixteenth Amendment, ratified in 1913, a. required the federal government to balance its budget each year. b. limited the total income tax Congress could levy on an individual. c. set up the Social Security system. d. explicitly permitted Congress to levy an income tax. e. forbade Congress from levying an income tax

answer

explicitly permitted Congress to levy an income tax

question

A policy document allocating taxes and expenditures, or a series of goals with price tags attached, is a. a budget. b. an appropriation. c. a procurement. d. a fiscal register. e. a balance sheet.

answer

a budget

question

Who pays Social Security taxes? a. Employees only b. Employers only c. Employees and Social Security recipients d. Employers and employees e. Employers and Social Security recipients

answer

Employers and employees

question

The government borrows money principally by a. selling bonds. b. printing more currency. c. obtaining loans from the Federal Reserve. d. obtaining loans from foreign governments. e. maintaining numerous credit card accounts

answer

selling bonds

question

Tax expenditures are a. revenue losses that result from special exemptions, exclusions, or deductions on federal tax law. b. sales taxes paid when goods and services are purchased. c. income that is taxable by the federal government. d. money spent by the IRS collecting taxes. e. rebates provided to individuals who have overpaid federal taxes.

answer

revenue losses that result from special exemptions, exclusions, or deductions on federal tax law.

question

Revenue losses attributable to provisions of the federal tax laws, which allow a special exemption, exclusion, or deduction are known as a. treasury bills. b. tax dividends. c. fiscal seepages. d. tax reductions. e. tax expenditures

answer

tax expenditures

question

The "military-industrial complex" refers to the a. government-owned industries that manufacture military weapons and equipment. b. global network of bases that the Department of Defense maintains. c. Pentagon and the buildings that surround it. d. close relationship between defense officials and the corporations that supply their hardware needs. e. competition between the military and civilian industries for government dollars.

answer

close relationship between defense officials and the corporations that supply their hardware needs

question

The "military-industrial complex," a term referring to the link between the military and the defense industry, was coined by which president? a. Harry Truman b. Richard Nixon c. Dwight Eisenhower d. John F. Kennedy e. Lyndon Johnson

answer

Dwight Eisenhower.

question

The purchasing of military hardware is known as a. requisitioning. b. procurement. c. appropriations. d. research and design. e. mobilization.

answer

procurement

question

Which of the following is NOT true about federal expenditures? a. All of the above are true. b. None of the above is true. c. Spending on national defense and on payments for individuals has continually risen since 1967. d. Spending on payments to individuals now makes up the largest chunk of federal expenditures. e. Spending on national defense is greater today than it was during the Vietnam War.

answer

Spending on national defense and on payments for individuals has continually risen since 1967

question

Spending on the defense currently makes up approximately what proportion of all federal expenditures? a. One-fifth b. One-quarter c. One-third d. One-tenth e. One-half

answer

One-fifth

question

Policies for which Congress has obligated itself to pay a certain level of benefits based on a certain number of recipients are known as a. entitlements. b. incremental expenditures. c. welfare. d. earmarks. e. pork.

answer

entitlements

question

An authorization bill a. establishes new taxes, or sources of borrowed revenue, to pay for programs. b. establishes, continues, or changes a discretionary government program or an entitlement. c. allows agencies to spend at the level of the previous year. d. allocates funding for particular programs. e. revises spending proposals in order to achieve required savings.

answer

establishes, continues, or changes a discretionary government program or an entitlement.

question

All of the following are examples of entitlements that contribute to uncontrollable expenses EXCEPT a. veterans aid. b. Social Security. c. Medicare. d. funding for new roads and bridges. e. agricultural subsidies.

answer

funding for new roads and bridges.

question

Entitlements are a. policies for which Congress has obligated itself to pay X level of benefits to Y number of recipients. b. budget items, the funding of which fluctuates greatly from year to year. c. government efforts to redistribute and equalize wealth. d. increases in funding for specific individuals or groups like farmers or small business owners. e. special rights granted to elderly Americans.

answer

policies for which Congress has obligated itself to pay X level of benefits to Y number of recipients

question

Harold Lasswell defined politics as a. "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." b. "about the economy, stupid." c. "who gets what, when, and how." d. "the art of making others do what you want." e. "a continuation of war by other means."

answer

"who gets what, when, and how."

question

Who writes the tax codes? a. The Office of Management and Budget b. The Congressional Budget Office c. The House Ways and Means and the Senate Finance Committee d. The House of Representatives and the president e. The Internal Revenue Service

answer

The House Ways and Means and the Senate Finance Committee.

question

Federal tax policy emerges from Congress through a. the Senate Commerce Committee. b. recommendations submitted by the president. c. the House Ways and Means Committee and the Senate Finance Committee. d. the House Appropriations Committee. e. the Senate Ways and Means Committee.

answer

the House Ways and Means Committee and the Senate Finance Committee

question

In the House of Representatives, it is the _______ Committee that writes tax codes, subject to the approval of Congress as a whole. a. Budget b. Appropriations c. Revenue d. Ways and Means e. Finance

answer

Ways and means

question

The heads of executive agencies send their budget requests to the a. congressional tax committees. b. president. c. Office of Management and Budget. d. Treasury Department. e. House Ways and Means Committee.

answer

Office of Management and Budget

question

The congressional equivalent of the Office of Management and Budget is the a. General Accounting Office. b. Joint Committee on the Budget. c. Congressional Budget Office. d. Congressional Office of Finance. e. Joint Committee on Ways and Means.

answer

Congressional Budget Office

question

The Congressional Budget Office was created in order to a. assist members of Congress in setting the parameters of the federal budget. b. assist the president in developing and carrying out the budget. c. set levels of spending on military and social programs. d. collect revenues and administer the federal income tax. e. hold public hearings on the federal budget.

answer

assist members of Congress in setting the parameters of the federal budget.

question

The Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 did all of the following except a. create a budget committee in each house of Congress. b. establish a fixed budget calendar. c. All of these resulted from this legislation. d. mandate that new spending be offset with new revenue sources. e. establish the Congressional Budget Office.

answer

mandate that new spending be offset with new revenue sources

question

What government agency has been established to assist Congress in making budgeting decisions? a. The Internal Revenue Service b. The Congressional Budget Office c. The Commerce Department d. The Office of Management and Budget e. The Treasury Department

answer

The Congressional Budget Office.

question

Which of the following elements are necessary for bureaucracy according to Max Weber? a. All of the above are necessary. b. Hierarchical authority structure c. Rules d. Impersonality e. Task specialization

answer

All of the above are necessary

question

Which of the following individuals advanced the classic conception of bureaucracy? a. Richard Nuestadt b. John Adams c. Karl Marx d. Adam Smith e. Max Weber

answer

Max Weber

question

In addition to a hierarchical authority structure, Max Weber argued that a bureaucracy involves all of the following EXCEPT a. extensive rules. b. a hierarchical authority structure. c. an incentive system. d. the merit principle. e. task specialization.

answer

an incentive system.

question

The Weberian theory of bureaucracies views them in the most positive light as a. acquisitive. b. democratic. c. monopolistic. d. inefficient. e. hierarchical.

answer

hierarchical

question

The federal civil service was created by a. Article IV of the Constitution. b. the merit principle. c. an executive order of President Arthur. d. the Pendleton Act. e. the Office of Management and Budget.

answer

Pendleton Act

question

The Hatch Act, passed in 1940, a. established the federal civil service. b. established the patronage system for federal employment. c. prohibited the president from firing the heads of independent executive agencies. d. prohibits federal civil service employees from active participation in partisan politics. e. required the publication of the Plum Book.

answer

prohibits federal civil service employees from active participation in partisan politics..

question

Federal employees are prohibited from active participation in partisan politics through the a. merit system. b. Pendleton Act. c. Supreme Court ruling in Democratic National Committee v. Hayes. d. Hatch Act. e. Twenty-fifth Amendment.

answer

Hatch Act

question

Which cabinet department is charged with overseeing the nation's national resources? a. Defense b. Environmental Protection Agency c. State d. Interior e. Homeland Security

answer

Interior

question

# of cabinet departments

answer

15

question

An "iron triangle" consists of a. a bureaucratic agency, an interest group, and a congressional committee or subcommittee. b. representatives of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the government. c. the metal stamp used to certify that the president has approved a new regulation and it now takes legal effect. d. those favoring regulation X, those opposing regulation X, and the regulatory agency in charge of overseeing regulation X. e. the president, the head of a relevant congressional committee, and the head of any regulatory agency.

answer

a bureaucratic agency, an interest group, and a congressional committee or subcommittee..

question

In the case of Munn v. Illinois, decided in 1877, the United States Supreme Court a. upheld the right of government to regulate the business operations of a firm. b. ruled that states could not impose corporate income taxes. c. ruled that the Civil Service System was constitutional. d. held that government had no right to regulate the business operations of a firm. e. outlawed the patronage system.

answer

upheld the right of government to regulate the business operations of a firm.

question

Requirements for members of Congress, types of jobs held prior, income, religion

answer

Requirements for members of Congress, types of jobs held prior, income, religion Senate: 100 members, 30+ years old, citizen for 9+ years, resident of state from which you are elected, 6 year term House: 435 members, 25+ years old, citizen for 7+ years, and resident of state from which you are elected, 2 year term Congress: Most typical prior jobs include jobs in law, business, or public service. Usually white male protestants, <10% black, women are the most underrepresented sect. 2008 salary was $169,300. 3× average household. Have access to mail and travel as well as an office in Washington, and have a staff.

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