Ap European history crash course chapter 2 – Flashcards
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Humanism
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Interest in the study of the classical texts, values, and styles of Greece and Rome. Humanism contributed to the promotion of a liberal arts education based on the study of the classics, rhetoric, and history.
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Christian humanism
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Closely studied classical texts. Sought to give humanism a specifically Christian content
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Vernacular
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Everyday language of a region or country.
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New monarchs
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European monarchs who created professional armies and a more centralized administrative bureaucracy. Also negotiated a new relationship with the Catholic Church. Ex: Charles VII, Louis XI, Henry VII, and Ferdinand and Isabella
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Taille
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French tax on the French peasantry
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Indulgence
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A certificate granted by the pope in return for the payment of a fee to the church.
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Anabaptist
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Protestants who insisted that only adult baptism confirmed to scripture
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Predestination
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Doctrine espoused by John Calvin that God has known from the beginning of time who will be saved and who will be damned.
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Huguenots
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French Protestants who followed the teachings of John Calvin
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Politiques
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Rulers who put political necessities above personal beliefs. Ex: Henry IV and Elizabeth I
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Columbian exchange
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The interchange of plants, animals, diseases, and human populations between the Old world and the New world
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Mercantilism
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More exporting and less importing to keep the economy going to get closer to gold and silver
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Putting out system
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Entrepreneurs buying raw materials and gave the materials to homeworkers and pays them for making products out of the raw materials
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Joint stock system
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A business arrangement in which many investors raise money for a venture too large for any of them to undertake alone. They share the profits in proportion to the amount they invest. English entrepreneurs used joint-stock companies to finance the establishment of New World colonies.
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Absolutism
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A system of government in which the ruler claims sole and incontestable power. Absolute monarchs were not limited by constitutional restraints
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Divine right of kings
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Chosen by God to rule
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Intendants
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French royal officials who's supervised provincial governments in the name of the king. Intendants played a key role in establishing French absolutism
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Fronde
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A series of rebellions against royal authority in France between 1649 and 1652. The Fronde played a key role in Louis XIV's decision to leave Paris and build the Versailles palace.
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Junkers
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Prussia's landowning nobility.
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Scientific method
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The use of inductive logic and controlled experiments to discover regular patterns in nature. These patterns or natural laws can be described with mathematical formulas.
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Philosophes
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18th century writers who stressed reason and advocated freedom of expression, religious toleration, and a reformed legal system
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Deism
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Robot God created the world and just left and let the world do its own thing naturally
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General will
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A concept in political philosophy referring to the desire or interest of a people as a whole.
