question

The three mucosa-covered projections into the nasal cavity that greatly increase surface area of mucosa exposed to air are called ____.

answer

conchae

question

The posterior portion of the palate that is not supported by bone is called the ____.

answer

soft palate

question

From superior to inferior, the three regions of the pharynx are the ____.

answer

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

question

The ____ tonsil, or adenoid, is located high in the nasopharynx region.

answer

pharyngeal

question

The ____ routes air and food into their proper channels and plays a role in speech.

answer

larynx

question

The mucosa-lined windpipe that extends from the larynx to the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra is called the ____.

answer

trachea

question

____ lining the mucosa of the trachea beat continuously to propel contaminated mucus to the throat.

answer

Cilia

question

When breathing in, air enters the trachea through the ____.

answer

glottis

question

The C-shaped rings that reinforce the trachea are constructed of ____.

answer

hyaline cartilage

question

The flap of ____ cartilage that protects the opening of the larynx is called the epiglottis.

answer

elastic

question

Folds of mucous membrane called ____ vibrate to provide speech.

answer

vocal folds (true vocal cords)

question

The serous membrane that surrounds each lung is created by a parietal and visceral ____.

answer

pleura

question

The division of the trachea produces two tubes called the right and left main (primary) ____.

answer

bronchi

question

The smallest conducting passageways of the lungs are known as ____.

answer

bronchioles

question

The ____ zone includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli and is where gas exchange occurs.

answer

respiratory

question

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs is commonly called breathing or ____.

answer

pulmonary ventilation

question

Gas exchange between the pulmonary blood and alveoli is called ____.

answer

external respiration

question

The inspiratory muscles that contract so we can inspire air are the ____ and ____.

answer

diaphragm; external intercostals

question

Air flowing out of the lungs is known as ____.

answer

expiration

question

Lung collapse, or ____, can occur if the intrapleural pressure equals atmospheric pressure when air enters the pleural space.

answer

atelectasis

question

____ volume is the air moved into and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing and is approximately 500 mL of air.

answer

Tidal

question

The total amount of exchangeable air is known as ____.

answer

vital capacity (VC)

question

Respiratory capacities are measured with a ____.

answer

spirometer

question

During ____, oxygen binds to hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin.

answer

external respiration

question

____ is an odorless, colorless gas which binds preferentially with the same binding site on hemoglobin as oxygen.

answer

Carbon monoxide

question

When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it forms ____.

answer

carbonic acid

question

The normal respiratory rate of 12-15 breaths per minute is known as ____.

answer

eupnea

question

The portions of the brain that contain respiratory centers and set the breathing rate are the ____.

answer

medulla and pons

question

The regulation of the activity of the breathing muscles, the diaphragm and external intercostals, is controlled by nerve impulses transmitted from the brain via the ____ and ____ nerves.

answer

phrenic; intercostal

question

The most important stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is the body's need to rid itself of the blood gas called ____.

answer

carbon dioxide

question

In order to return acidic blood pH to normal, breathing becomes deeper and more rapid, a phenomenon known as ____.

answer

hyperventilation

question

____ is a fatty molecule made by alveolar cells to reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse between breaths.

answer

Surfactant

question

Gas exchange occurs in the ____.

answer

alveoli

question

The respiratory conducting passageways perform all of the following functions EXCEPT ____.

answer

exchange gases

question

What sweeps contaminated mucus from the nasal cavity to the throat?

answer

cilia

question

What is the role of mucus in the nasal cavity?

answer

trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris

question

The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by ____.

answer

both the hard and soft palate

question

Which one of the following bones does NOT contain paranasal sinuses?

answer

mandible

question

Which tonsil(s) is/are located in the oropharynx at the end of the soft palate?

answer

palatine tonsils

question

Air from the nasal cavity enters the superior portion of the pharynx called the ____.

answer

nasopharynx

question

The pharynogotympanic tubes, which drain the middle ear, open into the ____.

answer

nasopharynx

question

The correct pathway air flows through the respiratory system is ____.

answer

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi

question

Following the removal of the larynx, a person would be unable to ____.

answer

speak

question

The opening between the vocal cords is called the ____.

answer

glottis

question

The flap of elastic cartilage that protects food from entering the larynx when swallowing is the ____.

answer

epiglottis

question

Vibration due to exhaled air that results in speech is a function of the ____.

answer

true vocal cords

question

The superior portion of each lung is the ____.

answer

apex

question

The serous membrane covering the surface of the lungs is called the ____.

answer

visceral pleura

question

Which one of the following is NOT true of the lungs?

answer

both lungs have two lobes

question

What is the function of an alveolar macrophage?

answer

engulf bacteria, carbon particles, and debris

question

Which one of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory zone?

answer

primary bronchi

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main events of respiration?

answer

residual volume

question

Exchange of both oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane occurs by ____.

answer

simple diffusion

question

The lipid molecule critical to lung function that coats the gas-exposed alveolar surfaces is called ____.

answer

surfactant

question

Air moving in and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing is called ____.

answer

pulmonary ventilation

question

Which one of the following is NOT true of inspiration?

answer

relaxation of the external intercostal muscles helps increase the size of the thoracic cavity

question

The gas exchange that occurs between blood and tissue cells at systemic capillaries is called ____.

answer

internal respiration

question

Expiration (exhalation) occurs when ____.

answer

the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax

question

Which nonrespiratory air movement clears the upper respiratory passageways?

answer

sneezing

question

Laura's lung collapsed during a skiing accident when a rib punctured her lung. The condition of a collapsed lung is known as ____.

answer

atelectasis

question

The respiratory movement representing the total amount of exchangeable air is the ____.

answer

vital capacity

question

Even after a forceful expiration, air still remains in the lungs for gas exchange to continue. This volume is about ____.

answer

1200 mL

question

The amount of air exchanged during normal quiet breathing is about ____.

answer

500 mL

question

Most carbon dioxide dissolves in blood plasma for transport as ____.

answer

bicarbonate ion

question

Oxygen is unloaded from the blood stream and diffuses into surrounding cells and tissues during ____.

answer

internal respiration

question

Oxygen is transported in the blood as ____.

answer

oxyhemoglobin

question

Which of the following breathing rates represents eupnea?

answer

14 breaths per minute

question

Hyperventilation is the body's response to ____.

answer

increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood

question

Hypoventilation dramatically increases carbonic acid concentration and involves ____.

answer

extremely slow breathing

question

Hyperventilation leads to all of the following except ____.

answer

buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

question

The most important chemical stimulus leading to increased rate and depth of breathing is ____.

answer

increased carbon dioxide in the blood

question

Which one of the following is NOT a feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

answer

most patients have a genetic predisposition to COPD

question

Which respiratory disease in which sufferers are often called "pink puffers," is characterized by enlarged alveoli, lung inflammation, and fibrosis of the lungs?

answer

emphysema

question

What accounts for the majority of cases of lung cancer?

answer

adenocarcinoma

question

Surfactant is usually present in fetal lungs in adequate quantities by ____.

answer

28-30 weeks of pregnancy

question

The abbreviation IRDS stands for ____.

answer

infant respiratory distress syndrome

question

What is the most common cause for lung cancer?

answer

smoking

question

The respiratory rate in infants is ____.

answer

over 40 respirations per minute

question

The homeostatic imbalance associated with the death of many full-term newborn infants is called ____.

answer

SIDS

question

Chronically inflamed, hypersensitive bronchial passages that respond to many irritants are characteristic of ____.

answer

asthma

question

Which of these age-related disorders is related to loss of elasticity of the lungs?

answer

sleep apnea

question

Which one of the following is NOT true of lung cancer?

answer

it is generally more prevalent in males than females

A&P Chap. 13 Final – Flashcards

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