question

Forms part of the protein synthesis site in the cytoplasm.

answer

ribosomal RNA

question

Act as "interpreter" molecules that recognize specific amino acids and nucleotide base sequences.

answer

transfer RNA

question

Attaches the correct amino acid to its transfer RNA.

answer

Synthetase enzymes

question

Provides the energy needed for synthesis reactions.

answer

ATP

question

Found in the cytoplasm, this structure specifies the exact sequence of amino acids of the protein to be made.

answer

messenger RNA

question

May be attached to the ER or scattered in the cytoplasm.

answer

ribosomal RNA

question

Chromosomes decoil to form chromatin.

answer

telophase

question

Chromosomal centromeres split and chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell.

answer

anaphase

question

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate.

answer

late prophase

question

Chromosomes align on the spindle equator.

answer

metaphase

question

Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell.

answer

early prophase

question

Plays a role in the synthesis of steroid-based hormones and proteins.

answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

question

The actual site of protein synthesis.

answer

ribosomes

question

Hollow cytoskeletal elements that act as organizers for the cytoskeleton.

answer

microtubules

question

Dense spherical bodies in the nucleus that are the synthesis site for ribosomal RNA.

answer

nucleoli

question

Houses DNA and RNA.

answer

nucleus

question

The cell (plasma) membrane normally contains substantial amounts of cholesterol.

answer

true

question

Each daughter cell resulting from mitotic cell division has exactly as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

answer

true

question

Apoptosis is programmed cell suicide, but cancer cells fail to undergo apoptosis.

answer

true

question

The spindle is formed by the migration of the chromatin.

answer

false

question

Final preparation for cell division is made during the cell life cycle subphase called G2.

answer

true

question

Chromatin consists of DNA and RNA.

answer

false

question

In osmosis, movement of water occurs toward the solution with the lower solute concentration.

answer

false

question

The genetic information is coded in DNA by the regular alternation of sugar and phosphate molecules.

answer

false

question

A process by which large particles may be taken into the cell for food, protection of the body, or for disposing of old or dead cells is called phagocytosis.

answer

true

question

The orderly sequence of the phases of mitosis is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

answer

true

question

Diffusion is always from areas of greater to areas of lesser concentration.

answer

true

question

Facilitated diffusion always requires a carrier protein.

answer

false

question

Pressure caused by gravity is necessary for any filtration pressure to occur in the body.

answer

false

question

DNA transcription is another word for DNA replication.

answer

false

question

The glycocalyx is often referred to as the "cell coat," which is somewhat fuzzy and sticky with numerous cholesterol chains sticking out from the surface of the cell membrane.

answer

false

question

In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential ranging from -50 to about +50 millivolts.

answer

false

question

Microfilaments are thin strands of the contractile protein myosin.

answer

false

question

Interstitial fluid represents one type of extracellular material.

answer

true

question

Hyperplasia generally means that an organ will increase in size due to the excessive formation of extracellular fluids.

answer

false

question

A chemical that inhibits DNA synthesis has yet to be found in aging cells.

answer

false

question

Aquaporins are believed to be present in red blood cells and kidney tubules, but very few other cells in the body.

answer

false

question

Most organelles are bounded by a membrane that is quite different in structure from the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane.

answer

false

question

Only one cell type in the human body has a flagellum.

answer

true

question

Microtubules are hollow tubes made of subunits of the protein tubulin.

answer

true

question

Telomeres are the regions of chromosomes that code for the protein ubiquitin.

answer

false

question

Nitric oxide may act as a biological messenger.

answer

true

question

In certain kinds of muscle cells, calcium ions are stored ________.

answer

in the smooth ER

question

Which of the following is true regarding the generation of a membrane potential?

answer

Both potassium and sodium ions can "leak" through the cell membrane due to diffusion.

question

Transcytosis is ________.

answer

transporting an endosome from one side of a cell to the other and releasing the contents by exocytosis

question

The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the "factory" site for protein formation is the ________.

answer

tRNA

question

A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________.

answer

swell and burst

question

The plasma membrane is ________.

answer

the phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell

question

Which of these is NOT a function of the plasma membrane? A) It acts as a site of cell-to-cell interaction and recognition. B) It encloses the cell contents. C) It is selectively permeable. D) It prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the cell.

answer

D) It prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the cell.

question

Which structures are fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells?

answer

microvilli

question

Which of the following statements is correct regarding diffusion? A) The lower the temperature, the faster the diffusion rate. B) The greater the concentration of gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion. C) Molecular weight of a substance does not affect the rate of diffusion. D) The rate of diffusion is independent of temperature.

answer

B) The greater the concentration of gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion.

question

Cell junctions that promote the coordinated activity of cells by physically binding them together into a cell community include all of the following except ________. A) gap junctions B) tight junctions C) desmosomes D) peroxisomes

answer

D) peroxisomes

question

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen?

answer

The cells will lose water and shrink.

question

Which of the following is not a subcellular structure? A) membranes B) intercellular material C) organelles D) cytoplasm

answer

B) intercellular material

question

Once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes what happens? A) A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material. B) A ribosome enters the vacuole and uses the amino acids in the "invader" to form new protein. C) Nitrogen enters the vacuole and "burns" the enclosed solid material. D) The vacuole remains separated from the cytoplasm and the solid material persists unchanged.

answer

A) A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material.

question

Riboswitches are folded RNAs that act as switches to turn protein synthesis on or off in response to _________.

answer

B) changes in the environment

question

Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein? A) oxygen transport B) molecular transport through the membrane C) forms a lipid bilayer D) circulating antibody

answer

B) molecular transport through the membrane

question

Which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA? A) There is exactly one specific type of mRNA for each amino acid. B) Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis. C) If the base sequence of DNA is ATTGCA, the messenger RNA template will be UCCAGU. D) rRNA is always attached to the rough ER.

answer

B) Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis.

question

Which of the following would NOT be a constituent of a plasma membrane? A) glycolipids B) phospholipids C) messenger RNA D) glycoproteins

answer

C) messenger RNA

question

Mitosis ______.

answer

produces nucleus replication

question

The electron microscope has revealed that one of the components within the cell consists of microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube. This structure is ______.

answer

centriole

question

Which of these is an inclusion, NOT an organelle? A) cilia B) melanin C) microtubule D) lysosome

answer

B) melanin

question

Hyperplasia means __________.

answer

accelerated growth

question

If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is ACGTT, then the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA would be ________.

answer

UGCAA

question

Which of the following is true regarding cells in humans? A) Cells can be as long as 1 meter. B) All cells of an adult have a very short life span. C) Organelles are independent life forms. D) Maximum cell diameter is limited to 2 micrometers.

answer

A) Cells can be as long as 1 meter.

question

Phospholipids ________. A) are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic in nature B) form the lipid bilayer, with tails directed to the outside C) are exclusively hydrophilic molecules D) contain polar tails and nonpolar head groups

answer

A) are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic in nature

question

Passive membrane transport processes include_____.

answer

movement of a substance down its concentration gradient

question

Enzymes called _________ destroy the cell's DNA and cytoskeleton, producing a quick death to the cell.

answer

caspases

question

Mitochondria ________. A) are always the same shape B) contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function C) synthesize proteins for use outside the cell D) are single-membrane structures involved in the breakdown of ATP

answer

B) contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function

question

Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus functionally act in sequence to synthesize and modify proteins for secretory use (export) only, never for use by the cell. This statement is ________.

answer

false; integral cell membrane proteins are also synthesized this way

question

Peroxisomes ________. A) are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action B) also called microbodies, contain acid hydrolases C) sometimes function as secretory vesicles D) function to digest particles ingested by endocytosis

answer

A) are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action

question

DNA replication ________.

answer

takes place during interphase of the cell cycle

question

Which statement is the most correct regarding transcription/translation? A) The nucleotide sequence in a mRNA codon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it. B) The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it. C) The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine. D) The nucleotide sequence in a mRNA codon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine.

answer

C) The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine.

question

In the maintenance of the cell resting membrane potential ________.

answer

extracellular sodium levels are high

question

Which of the following is a concept of the cell theory? A) Only higher organisms are composed of cells. B) The subcellular organelle is the basic unit of life. C) Simple cells can arise spontaneously from rotting vegetation. D) A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.

answer

D) A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.

question

Cells are composed mainly of ________.

answer

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

question

Which of the following is a principle of the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure? A) Phospholipids consist of a polar head and a nonpolar tail made of three fatty acid chains. B) Phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules. C) All proteins associated with the cell membrane are contained in a fluid layer on the outside of the cell. D) The lipid bilayer is a solid at body temperature, thus protecting the cell.

answer

B) Phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules.

question

Which of the following statements is most correct regarding the intracellular chemical signals known as "second messengers"? A) Second messengers act through receptors called K-proteins. B) Second messengers usually act to remove nitric oxide (NO) from the cell. C) Second messengers usually inactivate protein kinase enzymes. D) Cyclic AMP and calcium may be second messengers.

answer

D) Cyclic AMP and calcium may be second messengers.

question

The main component of the cytosol is ________.

answer

water

question

Lysosomes ________. A) maintain a highly alkaline internal environment B) are the major site of protein synthesis C) contain acid hydrolases that are potentially dangerous to the cell D) are always used for the cell to "commit suicide"

answer

C) contain acid hydrolases that are potentially dangerous to the cell

question

The endomembrane system is ________.

answer

an interactive system of organelles whose membranes are physically or functionally connected

question

The functions of centrioles include ________.

answer

organizing the mitotic spindle in cell division

question

A gene can best be defined as ________.

answer

a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain

question

Extracellular matrix is ________.

answer

the most abundant extracellular material

question

Crenation is likely to occur in ________.

answer

blood cells in a hypertonic solution

question

Some hormones enter cells via ________.

answer

receptor-mediated endocytosis

question

If a tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it could attach to a(n) ____ mRNA codon.

answer

UCG

question

The basic structural and functional unit of life and the continuity of life has a cellular basis is

answer

The cell theory

question

The Fluid Mosaic Model is a

answer

that the cell membrane is a double bilayer of lipids with imbedded, dispersed proteins

question

Which of these is gap junction? A) a place between two cells far apart across the range of cells B) a nexus that allows chemical substances to pass between cells C) an anchoring junction scattered along the sides of cells D) an impermeable junction that encircles the cell

answer

B) a nexus that allows chemical substances to pass between cells

question

Which of these is a method to transport substances by binding them to carrier proteins or pass them through protein channels? A) Simple diffusion B) Tight diffusion C) Facilitated diffusion D) Osmosis E) Active diffusion

answer

C) Facilitated diffusion

question

Which of these is a method to pass water across a semipermeable membrane? A) Active diffusion B) Tight diffusion C) Simple diffusion D) Facilitated diffusion E) Osmosis

answer

E) Osmosis

question

Which of these is the passage of water and solutes through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure? A) Filtration B) Active diffusion C) Facilitated transport D) Osmolarity E) Tonicity

answer

A) Filtration

question

Which of these is isotonic? A) solutions with the same solute concentration as that of the cytosol B) Solvation C) solutions having lesser solute concentration than that of the cytosol D) solutions having greater solute concentration than that of the cytosol

answer

A) solutions with the same solute concentration as that of the cytosol

question

Which below is secondary active transport? A) hydrolysis of ATP phosphorylates the transport protein causing conformational change B) Dr. Sweet is the trickster, all of these are wrong C) two substances are moved across a membrane in opposite directions D) two substances are moved across a membrane in the same direction E) use of an exchange pump (such as the Na+-K+ pump) indirectly to drive the transport of other solutes

answer

E) use of an exchange pump (such as the Na+-K+ pump) indirectly to drive the transport of other solutes

question

Which type of vesicular transport moves substance from the cell interior to the extracellular space? A) vesicular trafficking B) phagocytosis C) transcytosis D) exocytosis E) endocytosis

answer

D) exocytosis

question

Which organelle below is the ribosome? A) Large organelle that manufactures all secreted proteins B) Selectively permeable double membrane barrier containing pores which mRNA can pass through C) Dark-staining spherical bodies within the nucleus that is the site of ribosome synthesis D) Small barrel-shaped organelles located in the centrosome E) Small non-membranous organelle that is involved in synthesis of protein

answer

E) Small non-membranous organelle that is involved in synthesis of protein

question

Which organelle below is the nucleus? A) Stacked and flattened membranous sacs that functions as the UPS of the cell B) Contains nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin, and distinct compartments rich in specific protein sets C) Whiplike, motile cellular extensions on exposed surfaces of certain cells D) Membranous sacs containing oxidases and catalases E) Spherical membranous bags containing digestive enzymes

answer

B) Contains nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin, and distinct compartments rich in specific protein sets

question

Which organelle below is the mitochondrion? A) Whiplike, motile cellular extensions on exposed surfaces of certain cells B) Long single cellular structure that moves the sperm C) Membranous sacs containing oxidases and catalases D) Contains nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin, and distinct compartments rich in specific protein sets E) Produces lots of ATP: the powerhouse of the cell

answer

B) Long single cellular structure that moves the sperm

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