Antineoplastic Drugs – Chapter 45 – Flashcards
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Antineoplastic drugs=
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Drugs used to treat cancer
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Cell-cycle nonspecific =
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Denoting antineoplastic drugs that are cytotoxic in any phase of the cellular growth cycle
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Cell cycle specific =
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Denoting antineoplastic drugs that are cytotoxic during a specific phase of the cellular growth
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Dose-limiting adverse effects =
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Adverse effects that prevent an antineoplastic drug from being given in higher dosages, often restricting the effectiveness of the drug
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Emetic potential =
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The potential of a drug to cause nausea and vomiting
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Myelosuppression =
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Suppression of bone marrow function, which can result in dangerously reduced numbers of red blood cells into cancer cells
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Nadir =
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Lowest point in any fluctuating value over time; for example, the lowest white blood cell count measured after the count has been depressed by chemotherapy
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Antimetabolites =
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cell-specific analogues that work by antagonizing the actions of key cellular metabolites
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A patient receiving chemotherapy is experiencing severe bone marrow suppression. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate at this time?
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Risk for infection
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If extravasation of an antineoplastic medication occurs, which intervention will the nurse perform firsT?
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Stop the infusion immediately while leaving the catheter in place
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The nurse is assessing a patient who has experienced severe neutropenia after chemo and will monitor for which possible signs of infection?
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- Fever - Sore Throat - Chills
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The nurse is assessing a patient who has developed anemia after two rounds of chemotherapy. Which of these may be indications of anemia?
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- Hypoxia -Fatigue
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How would the nurse define the term nadir to a client?
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The average number of days it takes for chemotherapy to have its peak effect on the bone marrow
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Nausea and vomiting are frequent adverse effects associated with antineoplastic therapy. What should the nurse advise clients experiencing these unpleasant adverse effects?
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Try to maintain hydration and nutrition, which are very important during treatment.
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Which are general adverse effects of chemotherapy? (Select all that apply.)
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- Alopecia - Thrombocytopenia
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Combinations of antineoplastic drugs are frequently used for which purpose? (Select all that apply.)
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- Prevent drug resistance - Provide a synergistic action - Decrease the severity of adverse effects
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Filgrastim is a drug used in the treatment of what?
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Leukpenia
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When is Filgrastim usually given?
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- Given soon after administration of myelosuppresive antineoplastics to help prevent the WBC nadir from dropping to dangerous levels and also to speed up WBC recovery
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What are some signs and symptoms of leukopenia?
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- Leukopenia - S/S of infection--> fever, chills, tachycardia - abnormal breath sounds, productive cough with change in color of sputum - changes in color of urine
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Oprelvekin is used in the treatment of what?
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Chemo induced thrombocytopenia and avoidance of the need for platelet transfusions
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What are signs and symptoms of thrombocytopenia?
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- decreased platelet count - S/S of unusual bleeding (petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis, and gingival bleeding )
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What are harsh common side effects of chemotherapy?
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nausea and vomiting, hair loss, diarrhea, bone marrow suppression
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What is Dose-limiting adverse effects?
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• HCP is going to limit the dose or decrease the dose, because of the harsh adverse reactions of side effects (not giving the recommended dose)
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What is the most common medication for nausea and vomiting?
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Zofran
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True or False: Glove cuffs should not extend over the gown
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False--> they should extend over the gown
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How often should PPE be changed when dealing with chemo medications?
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after each use or after 30 minutes of wear
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!True or False: If you cant find chemo gloves, you should double up regular gloves
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False; must find chemo gloves
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What is Extravasation?
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• Leaking of an antineoplastic drug into surrounding tissues during IV administration
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What should you do if extravasation is suspected?
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stop the IV infusion immediately but do not remove the IV tube
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What should you cover the extravasation with?
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with sterile, occlusive dressing
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What lab results will you be looking for before giving antineoplastic agents?
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WBC, RBC, and platelet
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What are some GI complications that need to be monitored?
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STOMATITIS, altered bowel function with high risk for poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and inflammation and possible ulcerations of GI mucosa
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What are some complications of bone marrow suppression?
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- Leukopenia - thrombocytopenia - Anemia - Nadir
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What may be the first indication that the patient has a bone marrow suppression problem (thrombocytopenia) ?
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- Bruising very easily - Decrease in platelets
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What is a normal RBC count?
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4.5ish
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What is a normal hematocrit for a male?
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14-18
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What is a normal hematocrit for a female?
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12-16
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What is a normal platelet count?
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150,000-140,000
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A patient is experiencing stomatitis after a round of chemotherapy. Which intervention by the nurse is correct?
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Clean the mouth with a soft-bristle toothbrush and warm saline solution
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The nurse monitors a patient who is experiencing thrombocytopenia from severe bone marrow suppression by looking for what?
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Excessive bleeding and bruising
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A patient receiving chemo is experiencing severe bone marrow suppression. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate at this time?
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Risk for infection
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If extravasation of an antineoplastic medication occurs, which intervention will the nurse perform?
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Stop the infusion immediately while leaving the catheter in place
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The nurse is assessing a patient who has experienced severe neutropenia after chemotherapy and will monitor for which possible signs of infection?
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- Fever - Sore throat - Chills
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How would the nurse define the term nadir to a client?
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The average number of days it takes for chemotherapy to have its peak effect on the bone marrow
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Nausea and vomiting are frequent adverse effects associated with antineoplastic therapy. What should the nurse advise clients experiencing these unpleasant adverse effects?
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Try to maintain hydration and nutrition, which are very important during treatment.
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Which are general adverse effects of chemotherapy? (Select all that apply.)
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- Alopecia - Thrombocytopenia
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Which instruction should the nurse teach the client receiving oprelvekin, a hematopoietic growth factor?
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Report any edema of arms, legs, or both
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The client diagnosed with cancer has received several treatment of combination chemo and has a WBC of 2.2 and neutrophil count of 79. Which hematopoietic growth factor should the nurse administer?
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Fligrastim
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Which client should the nurse question receiving the hematopoietic growth factor Epogen?
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The client diagnosed with essential hypertension
