Antibiotics Answers – Flashcards

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Streptococcus
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penicllins except for enterococcus which needs penicillin + aminoglycoside
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S. aureus (not MRSA)
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nafcillin/oxacillin, cephalosporin, tetracyclines (minocycline), clindamycin, moxifloxacin
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MRSA outpatient
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clindamycin, minocycline, TMP-SMX, (only outpatient when limited to skin and well-drained)
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Severe MRSA: nonVISA
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vancomycin, daptomycin
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Severe MRSA: VISA
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televancin and linezolid
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How does the new cephalosporin, ceftaroline work against MRSA?
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binds MRSA mecA gene product PBB2a
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S. epidermidis
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oxacillin resistant!!! treat with vancomycin
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S. lugdenensis
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vancomycin (remove device)
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S. Saprophyticus
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TMP-SMX and flouroquinolones
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B. Cereus
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nonGI infections=> vancomycin, clindamycin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin
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Listeri monocytogenes
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ampicillin and erythromycin
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Corynebacterium diphtheria
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penicillin or erythromycin
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Nocardia asteroides
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sulfa drugs; if severe, use amikacin + beta lactams
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Borrelia Burgdorferi
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Beta lactams, tetracyclines, erythromycin
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Borrelia recurrentis
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low dose to prevent Jarisch Herxheimmer rxn
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Leptospira interogans
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doxycycline, penicillin, flouroquinolones
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Ricketsia Ricketsii
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tetracycline, chloramphenicol, flouroquinolones
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Ricketsia prowazekii
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tetracycline and chloramphenicol
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Coxiella burnetii
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tetracycline, tetracycline with rifampin, or TMP-SMX
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Bartonella henselae
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normal patient= supportive
immunocompromised= erythromycin and doxycycline
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Erlichia chafeensis, ehrlichia ewingii and anaplasma phagocytophilum
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tetracycline or chloramphenicol
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Pasturella multocida
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beta lactams
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Bacillus anthracis
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ciprofloxacin or doxycycline (raxibacumab)
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Yersinias Pestis
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streptomycin and tetracycline
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Franisella tularensis
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streptomycin or gentamycin
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TB
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rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol
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TB prophylaxis
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isoniazid
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Leprosy
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rifampin, dapsone, clofazimine
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2nd line leprosy
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mino, ofloxacin, clarithromycin
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Atypical mycobacterium (how long do you treat?)
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azithromycin, clarithromycin, cirpo, 8-24 months tx
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Neisseria Gonorrhea
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cefixime and ceftriazone
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Neisseria Meningitidis
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rifampin, cipro, parenteral ceftriazone
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H. influenzae prophylaxis
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rifampn prophylaxis
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B. pertussis
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erythromycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol
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V. cholerae
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supportive (tetracycline might reduce severity/length)
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V. Parahemolyticus
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rehydration and antibiotics
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V. vulnificans
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tetracyclines, flouroquinolones
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campylobacter jejuni
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erythromycin
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helicobacter jejuni
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amoxicillin, tetracycline, metronidazole, bismuth salts PPI
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legionella
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macrolides (azithro/clarithro), or flouroquinolones
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Most travelers diarrhea=
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azithro, cipro, rifaximin
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ETEC tx
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flouroquinolones, rifaximin, azithromycin, peptobismol
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EHEC tx
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withhold antibiotics
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EPEC
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rehydration
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Shigella
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rehydration, ciprofloxacin, flouroquinolones
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EIEC
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flouroquinolones, rifaximin, azithromycin, peptobismol
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EAggEC
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flouroquinolone, firaximin, azithromycin, peptobismol
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Salmonella
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cirpo for severe cases, peptobismol,
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Typhoid fever
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cipro, azithro, ceftriaxone
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Ecoli cystitis
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3 day antibiotic- TMP, cipro
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How do you treat bacteroides infection?
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very resistant! (to things like beta lactams, aminoglycosides, erythromycin and tetracycline)
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F. necrophorum
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beta lactams, metronidazole, clindamycin, 3rd generation cephalosporin
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Tetanus
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penicillin historically but metronidazole is currently recomended
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Tx for infant botulism
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babyBIG
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What are the antibiotics that can cause C. Diff psuedomembranous colitis?
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clinda, quinolones, cephalosporins
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C. diff pseudomembranous colitis
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metronidazole (vanc if severe)
can use probiotics (Sacharomyces boulardii)
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C. perfringens
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debridement/remove tissue and massive doses of penicillin and BS cephalosporins, hyperbaric O2 chamber (slows bacterial growht, toxin production and oxidizes theta toxin)
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P. aeruginosa
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extended spectrum beta lactam (piperacillin, ticercillin) + aminoglycoside (tobramycin), p. aeruginosa has a beta lactamase
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How do you treat a patient with a bacterial infection of the cornea?
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cipro for psuedomonas but not staph; gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin for psuedomonas and staph
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P. aeruginosa if resistant to all conventional treatment=
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colistin
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Burkholderia pseudomallei
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extended spectrum beta lactam (pipercillin, ticercillin) + aminoglycoside (tobramycin)
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B. cepacia
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extended spectrum beta lactam (pipercillin, ticercillin), + aminoglycoside (tobramycin)
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aeromonas hydrophilia
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treat diarrhea with bactrim, other infections with flouroquinolones
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How do you treat chlamydia strains A-K ocular or genital infections?
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azithromycin or doxycycline (Erythromycin for pregnant women)
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Lymphogranuloma venereum
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doxycycline
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Neonatal chylamydia conjunctivitis
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erythromycin
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Neonatal chlamydia pneumonia
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erythromycin
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Psitacosis
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doxycycline, azithromycin and clarithromycin
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Chlamydia Pneumoniae
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doxycycline, azithromycin and clarithromycin
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Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
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azithromycin
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M. Hominis
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resistant to erythromycins so tx with tetracyclines (except resistant to doxy)
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Ureaplasma Urealiticum
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macrolides and tetracycline
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M. genitalium
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azithromycin 5 day regimen
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resistant M genitalium
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moxifloxacin
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How do you treat syphilis?
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penicillin (tetracycline if allergy)
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Gonoccocus tx (from clinical lecture)
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400mg oral X 1 dose cefixime or 125 mg IM X 1 dose of deeftriazone, + 1 g oral 1 dose azithromycin
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NGU treatment
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either azithromycin 1 gram oral dose once or doxycycline 100 mg orally twice daily x 7 days
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How do you treat muccopurulent cervicitis?
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azithromycin and cefixime
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PID
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ceftriazone 250 mg IM x 1 dose or another 3rd generation cephalosporin+ doxycycline 100 mg 2 x a day x 14 days +/- metronidazole 500 mg 2 x a day x 14 days
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Bacterial vaginosis
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metronidazole 500mg orally 2 x a day x 1 week OR clindamycin cream vaginally or metronidazole gel
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Yeast vaginitis
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topical antifungals or fluconazole 150 mg orally x 1 dose
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Trichomonas vaginalis
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2 gram single dose of metronidazole or tinidazole
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Chancroid
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azithromycin and ceftriazone
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Syphilis tx (with units)
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benzathine penicillin 2.4 million units IM x 1 dose
if allergic, doxycycline 100mg 2x a day x 14 days
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