Antibiotics Answers – Flashcards
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| Streptococcus |
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| penicllins except for enterococcus which needs penicillin + aminoglycoside |
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| S. aureus (not MRSA) |
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| nafcillin/oxacillin, cephalosporin, tetracyclines (minocycline), clindamycin, moxifloxacin |
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| MRSA outpatient |
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| clindamycin, minocycline, TMP-SMX, (only outpatient when limited to skin and well-drained) |
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| Severe MRSA: nonVISA |
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| vancomycin, daptomycin |
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| Severe MRSA: VISA |
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| televancin and linezolid |
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| How does the new cephalosporin, ceftaroline work against MRSA? |
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| binds MRSA mecA gene product PBB2a |
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| S. epidermidis |
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| oxacillin resistant!!! treat with vancomycin |
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| S. lugdenensis |
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| vancomycin (remove device) |
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| S. Saprophyticus |
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| TMP-SMX and flouroquinolones |
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| B. Cereus |
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| nonGI infections=> vancomycin, clindamycin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin |
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| Listeri monocytogenes |
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| ampicillin and erythromycin |
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| Corynebacterium diphtheria |
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| penicillin or erythromycin |
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| Nocardia asteroides |
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| sulfa drugs; if severe, use amikacin + beta lactams |
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| Borrelia Burgdorferi |
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| Beta lactams, tetracyclines, erythromycin |
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| Borrelia recurrentis |
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| low dose to prevent Jarisch Herxheimmer rxn |
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| Leptospira interogans |
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| doxycycline, penicillin, flouroquinolones |
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| Ricketsia Ricketsii |
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| tetracycline, chloramphenicol, flouroquinolones |
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| Ricketsia prowazekii |
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| tetracycline and chloramphenicol |
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| Coxiella burnetii |
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| tetracycline, tetracycline with rifampin, or TMP-SMX |
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| Bartonella henselae |
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| normal patient= supportive immunocompromised= erythromycin and doxycycline |
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| Erlichia chafeensis, ehrlichia ewingii and anaplasma phagocytophilum |
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| tetracycline or chloramphenicol |
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| Pasturella multocida |
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| beta lactams |
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| Bacillus anthracis |
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| ciprofloxacin or doxycycline (raxibacumab) |
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| Yersinias Pestis |
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| streptomycin and tetracycline |
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| Franisella tularensis |
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| streptomycin or gentamycin |
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| TB |
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| rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol |
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| TB prophylaxis |
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| isoniazid |
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| Leprosy |
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| rifampin, dapsone, clofazimine |
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| 2nd line leprosy |
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| mino, ofloxacin, clarithromycin |
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| Atypical mycobacterium (how long do you treat?) |
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| azithromycin, clarithromycin, cirpo, 8-24 months tx |
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| Neisseria Gonorrhea |
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| cefixime and ceftriazone |
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| Neisseria Meningitidis |
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| rifampin, cipro, parenteral ceftriazone |
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| H. influenzae prophylaxis |
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| rifampn prophylaxis |
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| B. pertussis |
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| erythromycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol |
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| V. cholerae |
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| supportive (tetracycline might reduce severity/length) |
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| V. Parahemolyticus |
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| rehydration and antibiotics |
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| V. vulnificans |
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| tetracyclines, flouroquinolones |
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| campylobacter jejuni |
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| erythromycin |
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| helicobacter jejuni |
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| amoxicillin, tetracycline, metronidazole, bismuth salts PPI |
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| legionella |
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| macrolides (azithro/clarithro), or flouroquinolones |
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| Most travelers diarrhea= |
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| azithro, cipro, rifaximin |
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| ETEC tx |
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| flouroquinolones, rifaximin, azithromycin, peptobismol |
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| EHEC tx |
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| withhold antibiotics |
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| EPEC |
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| rehydration |
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| Shigella |
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| rehydration, ciprofloxacin, flouroquinolones |
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| EIEC |
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| flouroquinolones, rifaximin, azithromycin, peptobismol |
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| EAggEC |
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| flouroquinolone, firaximin, azithromycin, peptobismol |
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| Salmonella |
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| cirpo for severe cases, peptobismol, |
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| Typhoid fever |
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| cipro, azithro, ceftriaxone |
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| Ecoli cystitis |
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| 3 day antibiotic- TMP, cipro |
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| How do you treat bacteroides infection? |
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| very resistant! (to things like beta lactams, aminoglycosides, erythromycin and tetracycline) |
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| F. necrophorum |
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| beta lactams, metronidazole, clindamycin, 3rd generation cephalosporin |
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| Tetanus |
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| penicillin historically but metronidazole is currently recomended |
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| Tx for infant botulism |
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| babyBIG |
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| What are the antibiotics that can cause C. Diff psuedomembranous colitis? |
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| clinda, quinolones, cephalosporins |
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| C. diff pseudomembranous colitis |
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| metronidazole (vanc if severe) can use probiotics (Sacharomyces boulardii) |
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| C. perfringens |
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| debridement/remove tissue and massive doses of penicillin and BS cephalosporins, hyperbaric O2 chamber (slows bacterial growht, toxin production and oxidizes theta toxin) |
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| P. aeruginosa |
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| extended spectrum beta lactam (piperacillin, ticercillin) + aminoglycoside (tobramycin), p. aeruginosa has a beta lactamase |
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| How do you treat a patient with a bacterial infection of the cornea? |
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| cipro for psuedomonas but not staph; gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin for psuedomonas and staph |
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| P. aeruginosa if resistant to all conventional treatment= |
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| colistin |
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| Burkholderia pseudomallei |
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| extended spectrum beta lactam (pipercillin, ticercillin) + aminoglycoside (tobramycin) |
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| B. cepacia |
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| extended spectrum beta lactam (pipercillin, ticercillin), + aminoglycoside (tobramycin) |
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| aeromonas hydrophilia |
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| treat diarrhea with bactrim, other infections with flouroquinolones |
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| How do you treat chlamydia strains A-K ocular or genital infections? |
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| azithromycin or doxycycline (Erythromycin for pregnant women) |
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| Lymphogranuloma venereum |
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| doxycycline |
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| Neonatal chylamydia conjunctivitis |
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| erythromycin |
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| Neonatal chlamydia pneumonia |
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| erythromycin |
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| Psitacosis |
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| doxycycline, azithromycin and clarithromycin |
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| Chlamydia Pneumoniae |
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| doxycycline, azithromycin and clarithromycin |
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| Mycoplasma Pneumoniae |
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| azithromycin |
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| M. Hominis |
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| resistant to erythromycins so tx with tetracyclines (except resistant to doxy) |
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| Ureaplasma Urealiticum |
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| macrolides and tetracycline |
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| M. genitalium |
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| azithromycin 5 day regimen |
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| resistant M genitalium |
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| moxifloxacin |
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| How do you treat syphilis? |
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| penicillin (tetracycline if allergy) |
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| Gonoccocus tx (from clinical lecture) |
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| 400mg oral X 1 dose cefixime or 125 mg IM X 1 dose of deeftriazone, + 1 g oral 1 dose azithromycin |
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| NGU treatment |
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| either azithromycin 1 gram oral dose once or doxycycline 100 mg orally twice daily x 7 days |
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| How do you treat muccopurulent cervicitis? |
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| azithromycin and cefixime |
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| PID |
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| ceftriazone 250 mg IM x 1 dose or another 3rd generation cephalosporin+ doxycycline 100 mg 2 x a day x 14 days +/- metronidazole 500 mg 2 x a day x 14 days |
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| Bacterial vaginosis |
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| metronidazole 500mg orally 2 x a day x 1 week OR clindamycin cream vaginally or metronidazole gel |
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| Yeast vaginitis |
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| topical antifungals or fluconazole 150 mg orally x 1 dose |
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| Trichomonas vaginalis |
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| 2 gram single dose of metronidazole or tinidazole |
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| Chancroid |
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| azithromycin and ceftriazone |
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| Syphilis tx (with units) |
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| benzathine penicillin 2.4 million units IM x 1 dose if allergic, doxycycline 100mg 2x a day x 14 days |
