question

The CD "Deep Forest" contained samples of music from which of the following Indigenous group?

answer

Baka Pygmies

question

Which of the following is true of Hoodia root?

answer

-The San had traditionally utilized Hoodia. -It was used to develop appetite suppressant pills.

question

In the film Medicine Man, Dr. Robert Campbell discovers a cure for which of the following diseases?

answer

Cancer

question

What is the problem with native plant knowledge?

answer

It is neither protected nor organized.

question

What types of patents are discussed in the article?

answer

a. Process patents b. Composition-of-matter patents c. Plant patents Correct: All of the above

question

Which court case changed the law so that natural phenomena, and therefore plants and plant parts, could be patentable?

answer

Diamond vs. Chakrabarty

question

Knowledge of the natural environment that has developed in the course of a community's long term residence in a specific ecosystem is reffered to as _____________.

answer

TEK

question

A company utilizes an indigenous community's knowledge of a plant to develop a valuable drug, but does not compensate the community. This practice is referred to as:

answer

Biopiracy

question

A prior art database can be used to challenge a patent application on the basis that the application is based solely on prior art and therefore does not meet which of the following requirements?

answer

Novelty requirement

question

What precedent was established in the Bulun Bulun and Malpurrurru vs. R&T Textile case?

answer

The court recognized that Aboriginal clans can sue to prevent the appropriation of contemporary Aboriginal paintings depicting stories of totemic ancestors.

question

Which of the following beliefs about wizadry is shared by the Navajo and some Sub-Saharan African cultures?

answer

- Wizards sometimes use exuviae (hair, nail clippings, excrement) from their intended victims. - Wizards can shape shift, ie take on the form of an animal.

question

According to anthropologist E. Evans-Pritchard, what is the difference between witchcraft and sorcery?

answer

Witchcraft refers to the possibility of injury by malice alone, with no assistance from materials, verbal spells, or other behavior. Sorcery involves the deliberate use of medicines or spells.

question

Which of the following techniques is employed by a Sub-Saharan African culture to ward off wizardry?

answer

The Wambugwe eat in privacy, because a wizard might cast an evil eye on their food.

question

Leaders from which of the following areas are documented as having used the threat of wizardry or sorcery to intimidate their followers and political rivals?

answer

Melaneasia

question

Belief in wizardry can lead social units that have grown too large to fision into smaller units. This is refered to as the ___________ function.

answer

Obstetric

question

One theory regarding the function of wizardry is that it exists to enable people to express aggression.

answer

True

question

In the movie Skinwalkers, Chee and Leaphorn discover an arrowhead embeded in the first murder victim's truck. The arrowhead was made out of what substance?

answer

Human bone

question

A granary collapses crushing a man to death. The Azande attribute the man's misfortune to wizardry. This is an example of the quest for ___________.

answer

Mastery

question

According to Kluckhohn, which group is most likely to be accused of being a wizard in Navajo society?

answer

Wealthy Individuals

question

A skinwalker collects a victim's fingernail clippings and buries them in a grave with a corpse, intending to harm the individual. This is an example of ___________.

answer

Contagious Magic

question

Which of the following is the Comanche term for supernatural power?

answer

Puha

question

Which of the following is true of places that the Comanche consider sacred or special?

answer

They tend to be high places like hills or knolls and therefore prominent features within the prairie landscape.

question

Which of the following plants that grows on the Medicine Mounds figures prominently in Comanche religious rituals?

answer

Red-berried cedar

question

Which of the following types of evidence may be utilized in an attempt to determine if a site or location should be considered a traditional cultural property?

answer

a. Archaeological evidence b. Native American oral history c. Euro-American historical documents Correct: All of the above

question

The importance of traditional cultural properties was recognized in a 1992 amendement to which of the following pieces of legislation?

answer

National Historic Preservation Act

question

The original report on the Medicine Mounds argued that they did not constitute traditional cultural properties. Subsuquently, this decision was reversed. Why was the original determination overturned?

answer

Individuals came forward with accounts that the Comanche continued to visit the Medicine Mounds in the 20th century.

question

Archaeological investigations at the Medicine Mounds yielded which of the following?

answer

Possible rock cairns

question

An archaeologist discovers a knoll in the Black Hills where she believes Kiowa men used to go on vision quests in the early 1700s. Archaeological investigations reveal rock cairns where the men left offerings. An account by a French fur trader who visited the area in 1736 records the presence of the Kiowa in the area and documents the fact that they used the surrounding knolls for vision quests. Kiowa oral history indicates that this particular knoll and several nearby were used for vision quests prior to the tribe migrating onto the Southern Plains in the late 1700s, but that no Kiowa have visited the location in over two hundred years. Based on the available evidence the knoll should be considered a traditional cultural property of the Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma.

answer

False

question

According to the authors, which of the following factors may limit the utility of interviews and consultations conducted with members of Native American communities.

answer

Members of a Native American community may be reluctant to discuss religious or spiritual matters with outsiders.

question

According to the authors, why are archaeological investigations unlikely to yield information that will assist in determining if a place is a traditional cultural property?

answer

Sacred places are rarely used as habitation sites. Instead, people visit them for brief periods of time. Therefore, they are unlikely to yield many artifacts and lack any distinct archaeological signature.

question

Both the 1870 and 1890 Ghost Dance movements originated among the ____________.

answer

Northern Pauite

question

Who was the originator of the 1890 Ghost Dance movement?

answer

Wovoka

question

Which of the following beliefs was eventually associated with the 1890 Ghost Dance movement?

answer

a. The belief that depleted game animals would return. b. The belief that the Native American dead would rise and return. c. The belief that non-Indians would dissappear. Correct: All of the above

question

Why were people drawn to participating in the 1890 Ghost Dance movement?

answer

They hoped to see and talk to their deceased relatives.

question

Which of the following made the Sioux version of the Ghost Dance unique?

answer

An attitude of greater hostility toward Whites

question

According to Russell Thornton, the Ghost Dance should be viewed as an example of mass hysteria - an illogical response to cultural deprivation.

answer

False

question

Approximately how many Sioux were killed during the Wounded Knee massacre?

answer

300

question

Which of the following was not a factor that influenced the Sioux to adopt the Ghost Dance?

answer

The massacre of Sioux people at Wounded Knee

question

According to Thornton, why did Native Americans believe that the resurection of their dead would be beneficial?

answer

The dead would bring back knowledge that had been lost when they died.

question

The defining characteristic of a _________ movement is its emphasis on the expulsion of non-Native ideas and individuals.

answer

Nativistic

question

According to Adams, which of the following is a perspective or consideration that shaped policies regarding Native American education?

answer

-Protestant ideology -Quest for land by Whites

question

Which of the following was one of the two conflicting visions that mid-nineteenth century U.S. policy makers held regarding the future of Native Americans?

answer

Indians as a race were doomed to extinction.

question

__________ is the popular nineteenth century belief that the United States was divinely ordained to take possession of and rule the entire continent.

answer

Manifest Destiny

question

Which of the following best describes educators' attitudes regarding Native American religions?

answer

Educators believed that it was important that Native American students convert to Chrisitianity.

question

Which of the following skills were taught to Native American students?

answer

a. Farming b. Wagon-making c. Sewing Correct: All of the above

question

Why did educational reformers believe that Native American chidren should be compelled to attend off reservation boarding schools?

answer

They believed that if students were isolated from their relatives they would be much less likely to cling to their traditional cultures or persist in speaking their Native languages.

question

Which of the following is true of Carlisle Indian Industrial School?

answer

-It was established in 1878. -Over 10,000 Native Americans attended the school.

question

What belief did eighteenth and nineteenth century policymakers hold regarding the relationship between Native American education and the almost insatiable Euro-American demand for land.

answer

As Native Americans became educated they would become farmers. Because being a farmer requires less land than being a hunter-gatherer, Native Americans would need less land.

question

How do contemporary Native American boarding schools differ from those of the past?

answer

Contemporary boarding schools promote Native American cultures, encouraging students to learn more about their cultures.

question

Which of the following is one of the implications of belief in the Civilization-Savagism paradigm?

answer

The conviction that Native American students must be taught that they are inferior to Whites, but that through education they could better themselves.

question

The Miss Indian World competition is held in conjunction with which of the following major powwows?

answer

Gathering of Nations

question

Which of the following was not one of the traditional skills performed by a contestant featured in the documentary Miss Navajo?

answer

Weaving a blanket

question

Which of the following is not part of the Miss Indian World competition?

answer

Swimsuit Competition

question

In her conclusion, Roberts argues that it may be the princesses' ____________ rather than their gender that is being recognized and honored.

answer

Youth

question

According to Roberts, why did the seemingly most qualified queen contestant at the Eastern Shoshone Indian Days fail to win?

answer

Her speech betrayed a lack of commitment to the powwow world and an interest in representing the community outside the realm of powwows.

question

Which of the following statements regarding the behavior expected of powwow princesses is true?

answer

a. She is expected to refrain from snagging at dances and to be discreet in her relationships. c. She greets the powwow participants and spectators and welcomes them to the event. Correct: Both a and c

question

Which of the following is a difference between Native and non-Native beauty pageants?

answer

a. Physical beauty or attractiveness is less important in Native beauty contests than in non-Native contests. b. In Native contests women are given more freedom to express themselves and speak freely than in non-NAtive contests. c. In Native contests emphasis is placed on being able to perform traditional skills. Correct: All of the above

question

What new requirement was introduced into the Miss Navajo pageant by outgoing princess Audra Ettsity?

answer

Sheep butchering

question

Contestants in the Miss Indian World contest represent both their tribes and the broader powwow world.

answer

True

question

Which of the following is an eligibility requirement for entering the Miss Indian World pageant?

answer

a. Must not be married b. Must be between the ages of 18 and 25 c. Must not have any children Correct: All of the above

question

Which of the following was not one of the historical events upon which John Ford based one of his films?

answer

Modoc War

question

What was the name of the nine year old girl who was captured by the Comanche in 1836 and later bore a son named Quanah?

answer

Cynthia Ann Parker

question

Which of the following characters in the movie The Searchers expresses racist sentiments similar to those held by Ethan Edwards?

answer

Laurie Jorgensen

question

According to Nolley, why were audiences likely to accept Ford's portrayal of Native Americans and Native American life as historically accurate?

answer

a. They had relatively little prior knowledge of Native American culture and history. c. Ford utilized the names of Native American historical figures, such as Cochise. The public recognized the names, but knew relatively little about these figures. Thus, they had no basis for challenging Ford's depictions of these individuals. Correct: Both a and c

question

Which of the following statements reflects the way in which the diversity of Native American cultures was represented in Hollywood westerns?

answer

Filmmakers largely ignored the uniqueness of different Native American cultures and offered the public representations of generic Indians.

question

Which of the following statements accurately describes John Ford's employment of Native American actors?

answer

a. Unlike other filmmakers, Ford sometimes cast Native American actors in indigenous roles. b. Ford did not cast Native American actors in major speaking roles. c. Ford cast Navajo actors to portray members of other tribes. Correct: All of the above

question

Film critics have argued that racial fears of _____________ were projected onto Native Americans in westerns.

answer

African Americans

question

Which of the following devices or techniques frequently employed in westerns functioned to encourage audiences to identify and sympathize with white rather than Native American characters?

answer

a. The films are narrated by white characters or voices. b. The films feature Euro American music intended to evoke emotional responses, such as folk songs and traditional hymns. c. The films feature imperiled or endangered white women and children. Correct: All of the above

question

Which of the following John Ford films offers the most sympathetic portrayal of Native Americans?

answer

Cheyenne Autumn

question

How did the film The Searchers differ from many of Ford's previous films?

answer

Ford finally depicts white violence against Native Americans and suggests that the anger and rage that the Native American characters feel toward whites is, at least to some extent, justified.

question

When did the genre of "sympathetic westerns" emerge?

answer

1950s

question

Which of the following of the following opposing forces/ contradictions is addressed in Dances With Wolves?

answer

a. Industrialism and Environmentalism b. Manifest Destiny and the Sacred Homeland c. Assimilation and Ethnic Pride Correct: All of the above

question

Which of the following films is considered to be the first sympathetic western?

answer

Broken Arrow

question

What did Elizabeth Stones' research reveal?

answer

Many individuals with no demonstrable Native American ancestry nevertheless persist in claiming Indian ancestry.

question

What event serves as the pivotal moment in both Lt. Dunbar and Lindsay's transformation into Indians?

answer

Hunting buffalo and eating the liver from a fresh kill

question

Which of the following scenes was cut from the theatrical release of Dances With Wolves?

answer

A scene in which the Lakota warriors hold a dance to celebrate the fact that they had killed a party of white buffalo hunters

question

Baird argues that Dances With Wolves inverts many of the plot elements found in "traditional" westerns. However, he notes that the representation of Native Americans as violent savages is preserved in the depiction of the _____________ warriors.

answer

Pawnee

question

How does Dances With Wolves differ from other movies that tell the story of a white man adopted into an Indian community?

answer

Lt. Dunbar marries a white captive rather than a Native American woman.

question

According to Baird, which of the following lines spoken by Dances With Wolves to Kicking Bird recalls Freud's argument regarding family romances?

answer

"You were the first man I ever wanted to be like."

question

According to Baird, which of the following explains the popularity and success of Dances With Wolves?

answer

The plot of the film is based on a persistent, widespread, and powerful American myth - that of the White man who sheds the trappings of European civilization to emulate Native Americans and live a more natural and rewarding existence.

question

Sluka argues that being suspected of being a spy is arguably the single most common threat to personal safety faced by anthropologists in the field.

answer

True

question

Which of the following statements accurately reflects Sluka's understanding of the history of United States anthropologist's involvement in counterinsurgency?

answer

Anthropologists became more involved in counterinsurgency during the 1960s and 1970s. This spawned a considerable backlash. Many in the discipline questioned their colleagues' involvement in counterinsurgency. Consequently, involvement in counterinsurgency work was not the norm in the 1980s and 1990s.

question

According to Sluka, what did McFate find so curious about the relationship between anthropology and counterinsurgency?

answer

That anthropologists were not very involved in counterinsurgency programs and that many spoke out against such programs

question

In the piece Scientists as Spies, Franz Boas takes a firm stance against which of the following activities?

answer

Scientists engaging in clandestine spying in foreign countries while pretending to be conducting scientific research

question

According to Sluka, __________ was a counterinsurgency project that involved the active participation of social scientists.

answer

a. Project Camelot b. Project Agile c. Himalayan Border Countries Project Correct: All of the above

question

The Network of Concerned Anthropologists has spoken out against anthropologists' participation in counterinsurgency. Which of the following is a concern that they have raised?

answer

a. It does not allow for informed consent. b. It endangers those involved - both the researchers and the research subjects. c. The resulting information will not be made publicly available. Instead, it will be controlled by the military. Correct: All of the above

question

What does Boas fear will be the result of scientists engaging in spying?

answer

Foreign nations will suspect all American scientists of being spies, making overseas research more difficult.

question

According to Sluka, the first code of ethics was drafted in response to ________________.

answer

Anthropologists participation in the U.S. government's counterinsurgency programs in Southeast Asia and Latin America.

question

The counterinsurgency program in which social scientists are "embedded" with front-line military units is referred to as __________________.

answer

HTS - Human Terrain System

question

Both Jeffery Sluka and Montgomery McFate conducted anthropological research on counterinsurgency in __________________.

answer

Northern Ireland

question

According to Jason Baird Jackson, the paradoxical power of endangerment stems from the fact that when Native American languages, songs, and dances are labeled "endangered" community members are seized by a sense of hopelessness and despair and abandon any and all attempts to rescue or preserve them. Thus, a label intended to call attention to the need to document and preserve cultural practices is interpreted as signifying that the loss of these practices is inevitable. The application of the term "endangered" paralyzes community members and prevents them from taking action to preserve threatened cultural practices and expressions.

answer

False

question

Which of the following is a strategy that Woodland communities have developed to preserve and perpetuate their songs?

answer

a. Systematically recording song repertoires so that they can be learned by young people b. Establishing master-apprentice programs in which younger individuals study with elders c. Developing "cultural camps" designed explicitly to transmit cultural knowledge to younger generations Correct: All of the above

question

The Lakota Language Consortium dubbed which of the following cartoons in Lakota?

answer

Bernstein Bears

question

According to Jason Jackson, the Stomp Dance should be considered an endangered form of cultural expression.

answer

False

question

Which of the folllowing is an example of peripheral participation at a powwow?

answer

b. Selling raffle tickets c. Preparing or Serving Food Correct: Both B and C

question

Why was the Yuchi community concerned when Newman Littlebear, a respected elder, was hospitalized?

answer

Mr. Littlebear was the only individual who knew all of the songs necessary to perform an upcoming ceremony.

question

Woodland peoples reject the use of tape recorders and digital recorders for documenting and preserving songs because they do not consider these forms of technology to be traditional.

answer

False

question

When an individual describes a belief or practice as traditional, he or she is:

answer

a. Making a statement about its importance c. Emphasizing its continuity through time within a circumstance in which such continuity has become worthy of comment rather than being taken for granted as an unspoken norm Correct: Both A and C

question

Why does Paikea's grandfather refuse to train her to be chief?

answer

She is female.

question

Which of the following organizations are involved in grassroots efforts to preserve Kiowa language and culture?

answer

a. Old Chief Lonewolf Descendants b. Kiowa Young Men's Association c. Chief Satanta White Bear Descendants Correct: All of the above

question

Raven Tales adapts myths and legends from which of the following Northwest Coast First Nations?

answer

Haida and Kwakwaka'wakw

question

Who is the primary "target" audience for Raven Tales?

answer

Children

question

Non-Native viewers do not constitute part of the intended audience for Raven's Tales.

answer

False

question

In Norwest Coast societies the trickster often takes the form of a ____________.

answer

Raven

question

How does the Raven Tales series try to evoke traditional or very old aspects of Northwest Coast myth telling?

answer

a. The storytellers use humor and intrigue to ensure that the performance is lively and entertaining. c. The storytelling events often occur around a campfire. Correct: A and C

question

How is Raven's lack of self control depicted in the episode Bald Eagle?

answer

Raven is always eating fish - even at inopportune times.

question

Which of the following are morals or lessons that the series Ravens Tales tries to teach?

answer

a. The importance of accepting difference b. The consequences of being lazy c. The importance of keeping promises Correct: All of the above

question

How did Kientz and James's deal with the fact that myths and clan symbols are viewed as cultural/ intellectual property by members of Northwest Coast First Nations?

answer

They were careful to approached the appropriate community representatives and to secure their permission to utilize the stories and designs.

question

A myth that explains the origin of a geographic feature or how an animal assumed its current appearance or form is referred to as a(n) _______________.

answer

Etiological Narrative

question

Raven Tales has been criticized for presenting a negative view of indigenous women.

answer

False

question

The fermented oil that Kwakwaka'wakw people use as a condiment is made from which type of fish?

answer

Eulachon or Candle Fish

question

Which of the following is true of foods in Kwakwaka'wakw culture?

answer

A distinction is made between prestigious foods served at feasts and potlatches and common foods that are viewed as suitable only for everyday meals.

question

According to Jonaitis, Kwakwaka'wakw people used food to maintain social stratification, i.e to reinforce the distinction between chiefs and commoners. Which of the following is true?

answer

a. The highest ranking chiefs are always served first. c. Certain foods are reserved for chiefs, such as fern roots served with oil or boiled seal offal (organ meat). Correct: Both a and c

question

How did Kwakwaka'wakw people respond to the availability of commercially produced foods that had not been part of their traditional diet, such as rice?

answer

Manufactured foods were incorporated into the potlatch. Potlatch food came to include both manufactured foods and traditional native foods. Contemporary potlatch cooking includes some Native and some Canadian dishes.

question

Jonaitis would agree with which of the following statements regarding the role of women in the potlatch?

answer

b. Women take an active role in the potlatch. They support their male kin by providing food and elaborately carved wooden serving bowls known as "house dishes," which are considered treasured family heirlooms. c. Women take an active role in the potlatch. They produce vegetal foods like berries and roots. These are considered to be very high-ranking or high status foods. Correct: Both b and c

question

According to Jonaitis, fermented fish oil "has become a mark of distinction for the Kwakwaka'wakw, clearly differentiating them from non-Native settlers on their land and reconnecting them to their past." What allows fish oil to function in this manner?

answer

Few non-Natives have ever tried fish oil and most of those who have find it distasteful and unpalatable. Non-Natives' extreme aversion to fish oil and the Kwakwaka'wakw people's affinity for it allow it to function as a marker of Kwakwaka'wakw ethnic identity.

question

According to Jonaitis, _____________ and ___________ are the two senses that are most difficult to represent in a museum.

answer

Smell and taste

question

Many of the undecorated bowls used by the Kwakwaka'wakw assume the shape of ____________.

answer

Canoes - The bowls are shaped like canoes because the Kwakwaka'wakw view canoes as signs of wealth and abundance.

question

Which of the following is not a way in which food is used to express rivalries during potlatches?

answer

The host might give his rival a small portion of food, forcing him to go home hungry.

question

Which of the following refers to the practice of consuming insects for food?

answer

Entomophagy

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