Anthropology Quizes – Flashcards
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Ethnology is the holistic study of a single community.
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False
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Longitudinal ethnographic research is the long-term study of a particular culture or society, frequently based on repeated visits.
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True
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Which of the following strategies is unique to anthropology?
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Ethnography
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Why do anthropological archaeologists use relative dating?
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To create a relative chronology for the materials uncovered during excavation
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The emic perspective focuses on how local people think.
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True
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What are the two major components of fieldwork in archaeological anthropology?
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The genealogical method and excavation
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What is paleoanthropology?
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The study of hominid evolution and human life as revealed by the fossil record
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What term refers to the study of the processes that affect the remains of dead animals?
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Taphonomy
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The American Anthropological Association's Code of Ethics is
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designed to ensure that all anthropologists are aware of their obligations to the field of anthropology, the host communities that allow them to conduct their research, and to society in general.
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What term refers to the arrangement and order of words in phrases and sentences?
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Syntax
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What term refers to the minimal sound contrasts that distinguish meaning in a language?
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Phonemes
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Focal vocabularies are found only in non-Western societies.
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False
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Kinesics is the study of communication through body movements, stances, gestures, and expressions.
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True
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In which region of the United States do people not speak with an accent?
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Regional speech variations exist throughout the United States.
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What term refers to the specialized set of terms and distinctions that are particularly important to certain groups?
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Focal vocabulary
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Phonology is the study of speech sounds.
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True
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Regular shifting between "high" and "low" variants of a language is known as
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diglossia.
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Deborah Tannen's research on the speech habits of men and women has revealed that
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women tend to use language to build social connections with others.
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What does the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis argue?
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The languages people speak influence the way they think.
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Unlike foraging and cultivation, which existed throughout the world before the Industrial Revolution, pastoralism was confined to North America.
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False
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Which of the following statements about shifting cultivation is true?
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It cannot support permanent villages.
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Which of the following statements about agriculturalists is true?
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They use their land intensively and continuously.
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All humans were foragers until approximately
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10,000 years ago.
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What term refers to the type of pastoral economy in which the entire group moves with the animals throughout the year?
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Nomadism
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Which of the following is associated with horticultural systems of cultivation?
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Slash-and-burn techniques
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Pastoralists are specialized herders whose subsistence strategies are focused on domesticated animals.
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True
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What kind of social unit is common among foragers?
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Band
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What kind of exchange principle was prominent in Polynesian chiefdoms?
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Redistribution
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What is the primary difference between a village head and a "big man"?
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A big man has supporters in multiple villages.
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For most of human history, people lived in societies characterized by what kind of sociopolitical organization?
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Band
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In band societies, what typically determines the amount of respect or status that an individual enjoys?
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Culturally valued personal attributes
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Which of the following was not traditionally used by the Inuit to handle disputes?
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Courts of law
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In which kind of society is it most likely that leaders will acquire their positions as a result of their personal backgrounds or abilities, rather than heredity?
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Tribal society
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Why does a big man accumulate wealth?
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Big men do not keep the wealth they accumulate but rather redistribute it to create and maintain alliances with political supporters.
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Kin groups whose members are related to a common ancestor are known as
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descent groups.
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What is a "big man"?
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A person of influence and prestige
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What term is used to refer to a nonhuman apical ancestor of a clan?
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Totem
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What is the most stable social group among band societies with a seasonal pattern of population dispersal?
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The nuclear family
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What is the name of the postmarital residence pattern in which a married couple is expected to live in the husband's community?
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Patrilocality
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What is the name of the custom in which a widow marries the brother of her deceased husband?
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Levirate marriage
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What is the name of the family in which a child is raised?
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Family of orientation
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The incest taboo is a cultural universal, but
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not all cultures define incest the same way.
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What are the two basic social units typically found in foraging societies?
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Nuclear family and band
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What term refers to a unilineal descent group whose members claim, but cannot demonstrate, common descent from an apical ancestor?
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Clan
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What term refers to a gift made by the husband and his kin to the bride and her kin?
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Bridewealth
