question

Which of the following analyses of Christmas shopping would be least likely to come from a follower of cultural economics?

answer

people always make decision about what to buy on the basis of getting the lowest price

question

The exchange of brass rods for the purchase of cattle or the payment of bride price is an example of the use of?

answer

limit-purpose money

question

When a parent pays for a child's piano lessons, he or she is engaged in

answer

generalized reciprocity

question

The collection of goods in a community and the subsequent redivision of those goods among members of a society is called

answer

redistribution

question

Which perspective incorporates symbols and morals into the understanding of a society's economy?

answer

cultural economics

question

Which is Karl Polanyi's distinction between formal and substantive economics important?

answer

it recognizes that economies involve both how people think and the actual transactions they engage in

question

The main difference between economists and economic anthropologists is that economists

answer

try to understand and predict economic patterns

question

Which of the following is NOT true of economic anthropology?

answer

it assumes that free market capitalism will take over the world

question

Anthropologist Ashraf Ghani's successes as a finance minister and presidential candidate in Afghanistan can be attributed to what?

answer

his attentiveness to local social norms and priorities

question

From an anthropological perspective, the main reason Wall Street banks are not the bastions of individualism and cold rationalism many think they are is that

answer

personal relationships and local knowledge are critical to successful transactions

question

A substantivist would be most likely to explain the Kula cycle as

answer

closely tied to important social institutions, such as kin networks, trading ties, and political structure.

question

A Marxist approach to the cultural processes Karen Ho studied of Wall Street would be most focused on

answer

the tendency to lay off employees on a regular basis as the bank suffers through financial crises caused by its own activities.

question

In Malaysia capitalist entrepreneurship is

answer

respectful of Islamic and Malay obligations and values

question

A formalist anthropologist doing fieldwork in a supermarket would be most interested in

answer

how shoppers decide which cat food to buy when they have fifteen varieties to choose from

question

Which of the following is a theoretical approach to how economics create value used in society?

answer

Marxism

question

Which economic theory studies how people make decisions to allocate resources like time, labor, and money in order to maximize their personal satisfaction?

answer

Neoclassical economics

question

According to Marshall Sahlins, when production is organized by families it is

answer

the domestic mode of production

question

Gift exchange for Marcel Mauss is based in

answer

obligation

question

When you are consuming an object, the process of taking procession of it is called

answer

appropriation

question

The central point of the concept of spheres of exchange is to make a distinction between general- and limited-purpose money.

answer

True

question

Although Russians do use money to buy things, they also rely on bartering when money is scarce.

answer

True

question

Gift exchanges are important because people everywhere invest symbolic meaning in the things they give, receive, and consume

answer

True

question

To follow political action one must be familiar with society's rules and codes about who gets to exercise power and under what conditions

answer

True

question

In some hunter-gather groups relations are egalitarian and women can become leaders of a band.

answer

True

question

A key feature of political anthropologist Maxwell Owusu's perspective on democracy in Ghana is that the state will work better if village chiefs play a role in decision-making

answer

True

question

In some societies witchcraft accusations can work as an informal method of social control

answer

True

question

The exercise of political power requires

answer

legitimacy

question

In many societies people resolve disputes by restoring harmony, although people are not always satisfied with this resolution. Why?

answer

because of a preference for justice, fairness, and the rule of law

question

For anthropologist, political power refers to

answer

how power is used to attain goals for the good of the community

question

Which English philosophers were concerned with the problem of disorder and argued that chaos is avoidable by creating strong government?

answer

Hobbes and Locke

question

Which of the following explanations of political relationships among the !Kung would be least likely to come from a traditional political anthropologist?

answer

the !Kung have to navigate complex politics as ethnic minorities in states that dont want them

question

The importance of structural functionalism is that it

answer

showed that non-Western societies have order without formal government

question

Violence between ethnic groups is not inevitable, but the idea that it is persists. Which of the following is NOT a reason for its persistence?

answer

ethnic groups actually do fight with each other all the time

question

Which branch of cultural anthropology looks at the way that people handle disputes?

answer

legal anthropology

question

Violence is

answer

socially constructed

question

Power that transcends individuals, operating in settings and orchestrating settings in which social and individual actions take place, is

answer

structural power

question

The !Kung people of southern Africa are an example what kind of society?

answer

acephalous

question

Which theory was used to explain how stateless societies maintained social order and equilibrium?

answer

structural-functionalism

question

Which government agency's activities might you focus on if you wanted to understand structural power?

answer

a census office

question

In Latin America, "blackness" and "whiteness" are based on

answer

social behaviors

question

A good illustration of the naturalization of race is

answer

the processes involved in approving BiDil for use among African Americans

question

Which of the following is NOT true about ethnicity?

answer

anthropologists agree on the theory to explain it

question

A good example of disguised discrimination is

answer

when the police do racial profiling

question

The most important thing about "the invisible knapsack" idea is that

answer

these privileges exist whether or not the person carries racial supremacist ideas

question

The "natural" order represented in social hierarchies of any society is supported by

answer

social institution

question

A major problem with the approach to race that defines race as reproductively isolated breeding populations is that

answer

every breeding population qualifies as race

question

What social distinction classifies people according to descent?

answer

ethnicity

question

The social, economic, and political processes of transforming populations into races and creating racial meanings is called

answer

racialization

question

A key difference between caste and social class is

answer

caste divided people in terms of moral purity, class in socioeconomic terms

question

Anthropologists are interested in a situation like the way the new heart drug BiDil was created and approved because

answer

it shows how cultural, political, and economic processes can work together to promote the idea that race is biologically based

question

An anthropologist who studies unearned privilege would be most interested in which of the following?

answer

a situation in which an upper-class man gets accepted at an Ivy League university because his father and grandfather went there

question

A preformed, usually unfavorable, opinion about people who are different is

answer

prejudice

question

If you wanted to study ongoing racialization processes in the United States, you would most likely focus on

answer

new patterns in which people are dropping ethnic identification in favor of whiteness

question

What is an important factor in making race real?

answer

Racism

question

Why would English colonial leaders portray Africans as uncivilized heathens?

answer

to justify African slavery

question

An anthropologist who uses instrumentalist theories of ethnicity would explain the rise of "Latino" food distributor Goya as

answer

the creation of a special market segment by a food company to enhance its profitability

question

The social processes that make race part of the natural order of things- by producing theories, schemes, and typologies about human differences is

answer

the naturalization of race

question

Genetically speaking, humans are a remarkably homogeneous species: there is far greater variation within human groups than there is between them

answer

True

question

Race can become biology, by shaping people's biological outcomes due to disparities in access to certain kinds of healthcare and diets, exposure to certain kinds of diseases, and other factors that can make people either sick or healthy

answer

True

question

Anthropologists agree that, in addition to prejudice and discrimination, unearned privilege upholds social inequality.

answer

True

question

Cross-dressing rebel soldiers in Liberia is an excellent illustration of what?

answer

the fact that gender identities are rooted in local concepts and practices

question

A biocultural perspective on gender variance would emphasize all of the following EXCEPT

answer

the relative allocation of sex-specific hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, that influence whether a person is male or female

question

The early anthropologist who wrote the book Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies and was the first to distinguish between biological sex and gender roles was

answer

Margaret Mead

question

A key finding of anthropologist Matthew Gutmann's fieldwork on masculinity in Mexico is that

answer

women challenge men's domination over them by arguing and issuing ultimatums

question

A number of societies have the notion that men are ___ and women are ___.

answer

created; born

question

Which of the following observations would be least likely to come from an anthropologist who shares Simone de Beauvoir's notion of "second sex"?

answer

Western models of male-female relations cannot be universalized

question

Anthropologists understand that in order to understand gender/sex inequalities one must study

answer

both men and women

question

What is the main implication of Don Kulick's story about "coming out in the field" for other anthropologists who do not necessarily study in a gay community?

answer

developing a rapport sometimes relies on sharing a lot in common with your subjects

question

Sherry Ortner, a feminist anthropologist, observed that the roots of female subordination lay in the distinction all societies make between

answer

nature and culture

question

Sex-assignment surgery is important because it

answer

shows that "sex" is constructed upon cultural assumption

question

People everywhere establish their gender/sex identities, including normative categories like "man" or "woman," through

answer

social performances

question

One of the reasons it is important to develop culturally sensitive campaigns to address a health crisis like HIV/AIDS is that

answer

what some people think is gay sex is not considered to be the case by others

question

French existentialist philosopher Simone de Beauvoir argued in her book The Second Sex that

answer

throughout history women have been treated as inferior

question

Which of the following is a dilemma facing an ethnographer of transgender people in the United States?

answer

how one's research or advocacy can reinforce social inequalities and suffering

question

Individuals who diverge from the male-female norm and exhibit sexual organs and functions somewhere between, including both male and female, are called

answer

intersexed

question

Indiana University biologist Dr. Alfred Kinsey conducted a series of sexuality studies during the 1940s and found that

answer

sexuality exists on a continuum

question

In nearly all societies with any degree of social stratification, more men are in leadership roles than women, not only in political roles but also in economic and social roles involving trade, exchange, kinship relations, ritual participation, and dispute resolution.

answer

True

question

The notion of "ritualized homosexuality" developed by Gilbert Herdt was problematic because Western notions of homosexuality do not easily apply cross-culturally.

answer

True

question

In many societies, some people live their lives as neither male not female

answer

True

question

The dichotomy between males and females is not two distinct categories but a continuum of sexual possibilities in the human species

answer

True

Anthro ex 3 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards