Anthro 2 Practice Exam – Flashcards
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What term refers to a gift made by the husband and his kin to the bride and her kin?
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lobola
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The anthropological term for a socially recognized mother is
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mater
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What is the name of the custom in which a widow marries the brother of her deceased husband?
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levirate marriage
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What term is used to refer to a nonhuman apical ancestor of a clan?
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totem
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In general, what happens as the value of lobola increases?
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marriage becomes more stable
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What are the two basic social units typically found in foraging societies?
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nuclear family and brand
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What is the name of the family in which a child is raised?
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family of orientation
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Which of the following statements about divorce is not true?
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divorce is unique to industrialized nation-studies
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What term refers to sexual relations with someone considered to be a close relative?
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incest
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The gift that a wife's group gives to her husband's family is known as
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dowry
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More than half of American households with incomes below the poverty line
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are headed by woman
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Which of the following statements about the patrilineal-patrilocal complex is true?
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men control the distribution of goods outside the domestic sphere
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Biological differences between males and females, other than contrasts in breasts and genitals, is known as ...
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sexual dimorphism
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Which of the following explanations of circumstances that shaped acceptance or rejection of the idea of women working outside the home is not true?
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D.The rapid business expansion that came after World War II increased the demand for workers that was satisfied by soldiers returning home after the war, resulting in women being sent back to work in the home.
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Cross-cultural studies indicate that ...
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In most societies, women tend to be the primary child caregivers
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The fact that chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates engage in masturbation and same-sex sexual activity suggests that
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flexibility in sexual expression is part of humans' primate heritage.
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Which of the following statements is not consistent with the discussion of the cultural shaping of sexual potential and orientation presented in the text?
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B.Because heterosexual coitus is practiced in all human societies, our biological primate heritage is clearly more important than culture in shaping sexual orientation.
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Which of the following is not culturally constructed?
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Sex
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What is the domestic-public dichotomy?
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Strong differentiation between the home and the outside world
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In general, the status of women ...
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is higher in matrilineal societies than it is in patrilineal societies.
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What term does Barth use to refer to a society that combines ethnic contrasts, ecological specialization, and economic interdependence of groups?
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Plural society
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What term refers to an organism's evident traits, its "manifest biology"?
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phenotype
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What is the fastest-growing ethnic group in the United States?
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hispanics
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In what sense are nationalities "imagined communities"?
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Despite their shared feeling of comradeship, most members of a nationality will never meet; they only imagine that they participate in the group.
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Which of the following statements about ethnicity is not true?
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Unlike race, ethnicity derives from biological differences among human groups.
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In Japan, burakumin
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suffer from discrimination as members of a stigmatized minority group.
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What term refers to the destruction of an ethnic group's culture?
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Ethnocide
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What term refers to the view that cultural diversity in a country is something good and desirable?
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Multiculturalism
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What is the term for policies and practices that harm a group and its members?
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Discrimination
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Why is it important to understand that human racial categories are based upon perceptions of phenotypic features and not on genotypes?
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Because race is socially constructed, not biologically determined
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Which of the following statements about the incest taboo is true?
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The incest taboo does not eliminate incest.
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What is polygyny?
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A situation in which a man has more than one wife at the same time
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What term refers to a unilineal descent group whose members claim, but cannot demonstrate, common descent from an apical ancestor?
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clan
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What is the name of the postmarital residence pattern in which a married couple is expected to live in the husband's community?
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Patriolocality
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Rules of endogamy
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Tend to maintain social distinctions between groups
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Which of the following statements about gender differences among tropical and semitropical foragers is true?
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Women's work usually contributes more to the diet than does men's work; consequently, there is less gender stratification.
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Which type of a situation is most likely to result in a matrilineal-matrilocal society?
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warfare is infrequent
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Which of the following statements concerning gender stratification is true?
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Gender stratification is generally reduced when the domestic and public spheres are not sharply separated.
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What have recent cross-cultural studies of gender roles demonstrated?
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The relative status of women is variable, depending on factors such as subsistence strategy, the importance of warfare, and the prevalence of a domestic-public dichotomy.
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In most patrilineal-patrilocal horticultural societies...
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women are the primary producers of subsistence crops.
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The worldwide increase in female-headed households stems from all of the following except ...
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Decreasing divorce rates
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Which of the following statements about the domestic-public dichotomy is true?
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It tends to be more pronounced among food producers than among foragers.
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A policy of ethnic expulsion or ethnic persecution may create
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refugee populations
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The anti-Basque campaign waged during the Franco dictatorship in Spain is an example of
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forced assimilation
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Some populations like the Polynesians, the San, or the people of northern India have phenotypes that do not fit neatly into "standard" racial categories. This suggests that
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phenotypical variation between human populations involves gradual shifts across different geographic zones, rather than sharp breaks indicative of discrete races.
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What term refers to the devaluing of a group because of its assumed behavior, values, abilities, or attributes?
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prejudice
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What is the term for identification with, and feeling part of, a cultural group, and exclusion from other cultural groups?
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ethnicity
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When a dominant group compels a minority group to adopt the dominant culture, this is known as
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Forced assimilation
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What is the most stable social group among band societies with a seasonal pattern of population dispersal?
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the nuclear family
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In matrilineal societies
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descent groups include only the children of the group's women.
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Which of the following statements about polyandry is true?
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It is a cultural adaptation to mobility associated with male travel for trade, commerce, and warfare.
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In general, societies with the patrilineal-patrilocal complex are characterized by all of the following except ...
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inheritance of land and prestige through female lines.
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Which of the following statements about Etoro conceptions of heterosexual intercourse is not true?
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It was permitted to take place only in a couple's residence.
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Today, rather than attempting to classify humans into racial categories, biologists and anthropologists are
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seeking to explain why specific biological variations occur.
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People may occupy many different social statuses during their lives, or even during the course of a day. What term refers to a person's ability to emphasize different identities in different social contexts?
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Situational negotiation of identity
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What is the term for ethnic groups that once had, or wish to have or regain, autonomous political status?
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Nationalities
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What term refers to the practice of marrying a person outside of the group to which one belongs?
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exogamy
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In what way is exogamy adaptive?
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It increases that number of individuals that one can rely on in times of need
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The zadruga is a type of extended-family household found in what part of the world?
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Western Bosnia
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The incest taboo is a cultural universal, but
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Not all cultures define incest the same way
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The dominance of Russian culture, language, and people in the former Soviet empire is an example of
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Cultural colonialism
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A political system ruled by men in which women have inferior status is known as a(an) ...
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patriarchy
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What rule automatically places the children of a union between members of different groups in the minority group?
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hypodescent
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Segregation in the southern United States and apartheid in South Africa are examples of
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de jure discrimination
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Instead of asking about race, what does the Canadian census form ask about?
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visible minorities
