ANTH Exam 2 – Flashcards

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Cultural anthropology is composed of which two scholarly components?
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Ethnography and Ethnology
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Salvage ethnography is more recently called
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urgent anthropology
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Anthropology has sought to directly to do each of the following except
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a. document the practice of culture b. impose a Western and modern approach to life ** c. document disappearing cultural practices. d. reconstruct traditional ways of life e. educate its audience on the importance of culture.
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When anthropologists go to the places that they study in order to experience the culture firsthand, it is called
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fieldwork
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Acculturation is best defined as
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a process of unequal culture contact when a smaller culture is forced to adopt some of the ways of the dominant society
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Which of the following best defines applied anthropology?
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The use of anthropological knowledge and methods to solve practical problems in communities confronting new challenges
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Today anthropologists use the phrase "culture at a distance" as a non-ethnographic approach in anthropology that allows the study of other cultures through all of the following except
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interviews with immigrants foreign films and newspapers photographs on-location fieldwork** literature
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Andrea Louie studies the ethnic Han group of China by collecting data in San Francisco, Hong Kong, and southern China. This approach is an example of
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multi-sited ethnography
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The primary method in the anthropologist's toolkit, regardless of the time period has been
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participant observation
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What is the first step in doing ethnographic fieldwork
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choosing a research question
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Because carrying out ethnography is a difficult task, anthropologist advise that
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it is best to do your first fieldwork in a culture other than your own
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The members of a society who work most closely with the anthropologist to provide an understand of cultural phenomena are called
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key consultants
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If an anthropologist studies religion and interviews church leaders about how they were called to their positions, and uses non statistical descriptions of the religion as a way of presenting information, the anthropologist is employing what type of data collection?
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Qualitative
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Why are informal interviews central to ethnographic fieldwork?
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they are casual exchanges in which the anthropologists can gain insight into things that matter most to the cultural group
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In order to minimize the impact of subjectivity, the anthropologist should not consider
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what the anthropologist observes in his/her own culture
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Ethical responsibilities for anthropologists does not include
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representing the interests of the anthropologist and protect the researcher
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Those who study the course of early human evolutionary history are called
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paleoanthropologists
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The scientific explanation of evolution is not associated with
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involving stable forces that contribute to change
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Among species, which of the following is distinct to humans?
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Cultural adaptation
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What is true about our earliest ancestral primates?
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Some of the first adaptations in primates were to arboreal environments
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In primates, the ability to perceive a three-dimensional world is directly due to
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stereoscopic vision
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What sensory capacity is not typically associated with primates?
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Development of an acute sense of touch
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Among bonobos, what does not usually determine an individual's social rank?
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number of surviving offspring
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the group of primates that includes all living and extinct apes and humans is called
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hominoid
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molecular evidence indicate that the division between humans and African apes took place
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5-8 million years ago
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For human development, which came first?
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bipedalism
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Australopithecus is NOT associated with which characteristic?
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as large as most modern humans
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Which consequence is not a characteristic of bipedalism?
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was able to run faster and more efficiently than quadrupeds
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the oldowan tool tradition was most associated with which human species?
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homo habilis
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Which species was the first to migrate our of Africa?
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homo erectus
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What is not considered a "disease of civilization"?
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arthritis
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In early human development, fire making was not associated with
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developing larger and more complex teeth
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Which species was a distinct group in the genus Homo inhabiting Europe and Southwest Asia from approximately 30,000 to 125,000 years ago?
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neanderthal
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What is not a cultural characteristic associated with Neanderthals?
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ability to make and control fire
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During what period did anatomically modern humans begin appearing in Africa and Southwest Asia?
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Middle Paleolithic
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Which period was marked with tool industries including long slim blades and an explosion of creative symbolic forms?
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Upper Paleolithic
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4 examples of Mousterian tools
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atlatl, burin, Solutrean biface, and blade tools
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Which theory of modern human origins relies mostly on the interpretation of genetic evidence, fossils, and cultural remains?
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Recent African origins hypothesis
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Cave art from the Upper Paleolithic suggests that
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there was a rich tradition of using altered states of consciousness
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Why is human race not a valid concept?
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actual human variation does not exist
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What is not a signal?
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Winking from pleasure
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Chantek was not able to
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communicate through verbal words
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The systematic identification and description of distinctive speech sounds in a language is called
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phonetics
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Phonology is the
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study of language sounds
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While the phonologist is making an inventory of permissible sounds in a language, the _______ is deciphering the groups or combinations of sounds that have meant, or that are actually used to convey information.
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morphologist
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the entire formal structure of a language consisting of all observations about its meaningful units of sounds and the rules or principled of making phrases and sentences is called its
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grammer
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The development of different languages from a single ancestral language is called
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linguistic divergence
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What is an acceptable research topic in the field of historical linguistics?
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Whether or not the speakers of Apache and Navajo once spoke a common language
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What is not true abound the english language?
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English has historically suffered a narrowing and loss of meaning
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Approximately how many languages are spoken today?
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6,000
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In France, a committee exists that has the job of eliminating subversive foreign influences in the form of words borrowed from other languages. English is a major offender. this is an example of
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linguistic nationalism
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the influence of a person's class status on what pronunciation he/she uses, a speaker's choice of more complicated vocal and grammar when he/she is speaking to a professional audience, are all concerns of
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sociolinguistics
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When we focus on the relationship between language and culture of those who speak it and how they inform each other, we are doing
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ethnolinguistics
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the term _______ is usually used to refer to varying forms of a language that reflect particular regions or social classes and that are similar enough to be mutually intelligible.
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dialect
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"You may wish to stay inside today, Madam; it's quite cold outside" -butler at work vs. "Shut the door and get inside, Maggie, you'll freeze your buns off."- at home. In linguistics, this is an example of
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code switching
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Anthropologist Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin, drawing on his experience with the language of the Hopi Indians, developed a full-fledged theory now known as the theory of
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linguistic relativity
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What is correct about kinesics?
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cross-cultural research indicates that the body language used when people are greeting each other is similar all over the world
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Paralanguage includes not only the way that people say things but also a variety of extralinguistic noinse called
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vocalizations
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displacement refers to the concept of being able to refer to things that are
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not there
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the process organisms undergo to achieve a beneficial adjustment to a particular environment, which not only leads to biological changes in the organisms but also impacts their environment, is called
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assimilation
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