Anth 101 Chapter 10 – Flashcards
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Kinship
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The system of meaning and power that cultures create to determine who is related to whom and to define their mutual expectations, rights, and responsibilities
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Nuclear Family
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The kinship unit of mother, father, and children
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Descent Group
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A kinship group in which primary relationships are traced through consanguine ("blood") relatives
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Lineage
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A type of descent group that traces genealogical connection through generations by linking persons to a founding ancestor
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Clan
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A type of descent group based on a claim to a founding ancestor but lacking genealogical documentation
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Affinal Relationship
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A kinship relationship established through marriage and/or alliance, not through biology or common descent
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Marriage
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A socially recognized relationship that may involve physical and emotional intimacy as well as legal rights to property and inheritance
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Arranged Marriage
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Marriage orchestrated by the families of the involved parties
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Companionate Marriage
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Marriage built on love, intimacy, and personal choice rather than social obligation
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Polygyny
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Marriage between one man and two or more women
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Polyandry
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Marriage between one woman and two or more men
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Monogamy
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A relationship between only two partners
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Incest taboo
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Cultural rules that forbid sexual relations with certain close relatives
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Exogamy
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Marriage to someone outside the kinship group
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Endogamy
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Marriage to someone within the kinship group
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Bridewealth
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The gift of goods or money from the groom's family to the bride's family as part of the marriage process
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Dowry
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The gift of goods or money from the bride's family to the groom's family as part of the marriage process
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Family of Orientation
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The family group in which one is born, grows up, and develops life skills
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Family of Procreation
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The family group created when one reproduces and within which one rears children
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Patrilineal
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tracing descent, kinship, or title through male line
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Matrilineal
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tracing descent, kinship, or title through female line
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Which of the following types of descent groups traces kinship through both the mother and the father? A. unilineal B. monolineal C. bilineal D. ambilineal E. polylineal
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D. ambilineal
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Individuals learn basic patterns of human behavior from their families in a process termed:
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enculturation
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Kinship includes:
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biological descent and marriage alliances, but also practices such as fostering and fictive kin
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Which of the following phenomenon is currently placing stress on kinship systems worldwide?
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globalization
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Which of the following statements about kinship is true? A. Kinship is the system that determines who is related to whom in a given society. B. Kinship groups arise predominantly around the nuclear family. C. Unlike other aspects of culture, kinship is understood similarly across all cultures. D. Kinship is not influenced by nonbiological relationships such as marriage. E. Kinship is the only means through which humans form groups in any given society.
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A.
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Enculturation that takes place within a family shapes individuals' lives: A. outside of the household, including ways they think about gender roles, the division of labor, religious practices, warfare, politics, migration, and nationalism. B. outside of the household, including ways they think about issues like warfare, politics, migration, and nationalism, but not issues like gender roles, the division of labor, and religious practices. C. inside of the household only, and never shapes individuals' lives outside of the household. D. outside of the household, including ways they think about issues like gender roles, the division of labor, and religious practices, but not issues like warfare, politics, migration, and nationalism. E. until they reach adulthood and start their own families, at which point the enculturation of their youth ceases to shape the way they think about gender roles, the division of labor, religious practices, warfare, politics, migration, and nationalism.
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A.
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Clans that do not permit marriages within the group are considered:
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exogamous
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Similar to membership in a family, citizenship in a nation-state derives mostly from:
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birth and biology
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Looking cross-culturally, anthropologists argue that:
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definitions of marriage vary across cultures and over time.
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Individuals in descent groups whose primary relationships are determined in the United States via "blood" relations are generally called which of the following types of relatives?
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consanguineal
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Discussions regarding same-sex marriage in the United States are a clear example of changing patterns of:
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kinship
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Changing patterns over time demonstrate that marriage, family, and kinship are cultural:
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constructs
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Both matrilineal and patrilineal patterns of descent build kinship groups through either one genealogical line (the mother's side) or the other (the father's side), which reflects which type of descent?
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unilineal
