question

Marriages based on love and individual choice, as opposed to social obligation, are known as

answer

companionate marriages

question

In what percentage of human cultures do we see some form of incest taboo?

answer

100 percent

question

marriage to one person only

answer

monogamy

question

marriage of a man to more than one woman

answer

polygyny

question

marriage of a woman to more than one man

answer

polyandry

question

Which of the following is the way in which a culture creates a system that helps to determine who is related to whom through meaning and power?

answer

kinship

question

A socially recognized relationship that may involve physical and emotional intimacy as well as legal rights to property and inheritance.

answer

marriage

question

Marriage between one man and two or more women.

answer

polygyny

question

Marriage orchestrated by the families of the involved parties.

answer

arranged marriage

question

Marriage between one woman and two or more men.

answer

polyandry

question

A relationship between only two partners.

answer

monogamy

question

Marriage built on love, intimacy, and personal choice rather than social obligation.

answer

companionate marriage

question

The family group in which one is born, grows up, and develops life skills.

answer

family of orientation

question

The family group created when one reproduces and within which one rears children.

answer

family of procreation

question

Cultural rules that forbid sexual relations with certain close relatives.

answer

incest taboo

question

The gift of goods or money from the bride's family to the groom's family as part of the marriage process.

answer

dowry

question

The gift of goods or money from the groom's family to the bride's family as part of the marriage process.

answer

bridewealth

question

Marriage to someone within the kinship group.

answer

endogamy

question

Marriage to someone outside the kinship group.

answer

exogamy

question

A type of descent group based on a claim to a founding ancestor but lacking genealogical documentation.

answer

clan

question

A kinship group in which primary relationships are traced through consanguineous ("blood") relatives.

answer

descent group

question

A type of descent group that traces genealogical connection through generations by linking persons to a founding ancestor.

answer

lineage

question

A kinship relationship established through marriage and/or alliance, not through biology or common descent.

answer

affinal relationship

question

The system of meaning and power that cultures create to determine who is related to whom and to define their mutual expectations, rights, and responsibilities.

answer

kinship

question

The kinship unit of mother, father, and children.

answer

nuclear family

question

The conception of the nuclear family as the idealized kinship structure in American culture came to prominence

answer

after World War II, when the United States experienced a period of economic expansion.

question

The recent increase in same-sex marriages in the United States represents

answer

All of these.

question

In her ethnographic study Families We Choose, Kath Weston demonstrates that kinship networks

answer

can be constructed through personal choice.

question

The term "endogamy" refers to a marriage pattern by which one is expected to marry a

answer

partner from inside the group.

question

A matrilineal descent pattern traces descent

answer

through the mother's line only.

question

Anthropologists use the term "affinal relationships" to refer to kinship relationships created by

answer

All of these.

question

The family you are born into is known as the family of __________. The family people construct when they reach adulthood and acquire a mate is the family of __________.

answer

orientation, procreation

question

descent group constructed through mother's side of family

answer

matrilineal

question

descent group constructed through father's side of family

answer

patrilineal

question

descent measured through only one side of family (either mother's or father's)

answer

unilineal

question

kinship traced through both mother's and father's sides of family

answer

ambilineal

question

In contrast to the English line of kings and queens, the Scottish had a system that was similar but was unable to establish any one group or ancestral line as undisputed leaders of the country. A large part of the problem was that there was insufficient documentation prior to about the 13th or 14th centuries. This particular type of kinship group is referred to as

answer

a clan

question

Reproductive technologies are blossoming and include a host of new technologies. Despite the advent of dramatic technologies such as cloning, reproductive technologies have been around for a very long time and include

answer

abortion

question

Israel has seen an upending of how kinship is constructed and accepted. Reproductive technologies are paid for by insurance. Family planning services are not strongly promoted. And the country has more fertility clinics than any other nation on earth. All of these ideals lead to pressure to reproduce the family and the nation itself. A considerable amount of this pressure

answer

Jewishness passes down matrilineally from mother to child.

question

In many cultures, the parents of the groom are expected to provide gifts, sometimes substantial, to the bride and her family. This establishes many social expectations—reciprocity, obligation and legitimacy of any offspring. This is known as

answer

bridewealth

question

We may think of marriage in solely romantic terms, and certainly the bond of marriage can allow for that. While such matters as parenting responsibility, family relations and inheritance all flow from marriage, marriage for many cultures represents something altogether different. Some aspects of marriage, depending on the form, help to

answer

build alliances.

question

Traditionally, Nuer men could be married to more than one woman at the same time. Which term best describes this practice?

answer

polygyny

question

In the United States, law and custom forbid marriage to certain family members. These laws and customs perpetuate:

answer

kindred exogamy.

question

When we talk about marriage between two people who maintain an exclusive relationship with one another while the marriage exists, we're referring to marriage as a form of

answer

monogamy

question

Some kinship groups trace their primary relationships via consanguine relatives. Anthropologists call this type of group

answer

a descent group

question

While kinship is often thought of as a biological and culturally rule-bound process, recent developments have opened the door to kinship that is accomplished

answer

by choice

question

The 1996 United States Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) sought to define marriage as it was being challenged, particularly in the realm of same-sex couples who wished to be recognized on a legal level. Parts of DOMA were struck down in 2013. Supporters of DOMA felt strongly that same-sex marriage posed a threat to

answer

social order.

question

The nuclear family today is more myth than fact. Consisting, by definition, of a kinship unit of a mother, father and offspring, many forces have changed this definition. Historically, the nuclear family came into existence

answer

during the industrialization of the nineteenth century.

question

Blood or consanguinal ties are the most common way we experience kinship. Our "kin" is often taken to mean a brother or sister. Marriage, however, changes all of that. Anthropologists refer to kinship established by marriage as

answer

affinal relationship

question

For most societies, until quite recently, a marriage was done to meet social obligations. Only recently has love and pleasure become a reason to marry. Anthropology refers to these marital bonds as

answer

companionate marriages

question

The text points out that biology and marriage are not the only basis for kinship in human societies. Which of the following are examples of other kinship strategies revealed in the chapter?

answer

co-residence and co-feeding leading to adoption or fostering

question

Different cultures define kinship differently. Common to many is the idea that kinship helps everyone recognize who is related to who, which helps maintain the integrity of the incest taboo. In addition, nearly every culture includes an explicit understanding of how kinship confers rights around matters such as inheritance. More subtly, and often not made explicit in the defining of kinship, are

answer

expectations placed on different relatives, such as mothers, fathers, uncles, etc.

question

In certain remote parts of Tibet, one woman will become married to all of the brothers in a particular family. Which term best describes this practice?

answer

polyandry

question

In India, the compulsory practice of a bride's family providing gifts to the groom's family upon marriage was outlawed in 1961, as it led to multiple cases of domestic violence. This practice was best known as which of the following terms?

answer

dowry

question

The long line of kings and queens that have ruled England have sometimes been a colorful source of contention, some having been challenged on the basis of their legitimacy. This particular genealogical tree depends on highly accurate documentation and is often referred to as

answer

a lineage

ANT 101 CHAPT 9 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards