ANT 101 CHAPT 8 – Flashcards
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Which of the following is one of the ways in which globalization has influenced sexuality?
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A multibillion-dollar global sex tourism industry has been established.
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The term heterosexual was first used in the United States only as far back as 1892. At that time, what cultural meaning was most commonly assigned to the term, according to Victorian ideals?
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Negative, as in, "Heterosexuals defy religious teachings by procreating for fun as opposed to procreating for purposes of reproduction."
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According to Jared Diamond, which animal has "the weirdest sex life"?
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humans
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Which of the following is thought of as displaying machismo in Nicaraguan culture?
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an adult male who acts as a strong, aggressive man in sexual encounters with other men
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A lack of erotic attraction to others.
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asexuality
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Attraction to and sexual relations with members of both sexes.
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bisexuality
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Attraction to and sexual relations between individuals of the opposite sex.
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heterosexuality
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The complex range of desires, beliefs, and behaviors that are related to erotic physical contact and the cultural arena within which people debate about what kinds of physical desires and behaviors are right, appropriate, and natural.
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sexuality
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Attraction to and sexual relations between individuals of the same sex.
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homosexuality
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Violence perpetuated through sexually related physical assaults such as rape
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sexual violence
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European colonial administrations outlawed marriage between Europeans and indigenous populations in order to
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protect the racial purity of European identity.
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Governments attempt to intervene in sexuality by
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All of these
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The high level of sexual violence on college campuses has caused college administrations to
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develop comprehensive sexual assault and rape awareness programs
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In her study "White Weddings," Chrys Ingraham argues that the American wedding industry
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All of these
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In his studies of human sexual behavior, Alfred Kinsey found that
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human beings exhibited a spectrum of sexual behaviors ranging from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual.
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The term transgender is used to refer to people whose
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gender identity or gender expression differs from the sex they were assigned at birth.
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The Sambia, a small tribal group in Papua New Guinea, held a belief that adult males should form a close bond with young boys as they grew into adults. Part of this process included ritual fellatio. This belief system echoes that of the Mati, discussed in the text. The major similarity between the Mati and the Sambia is that
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both foster close social ties for specific purposes.
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Helen Fisher suggests that one reason humans love is due to a long evolutionary process that gave rise to a specialized set of neurochemicals. Each of these chemicals is thought to have a role in the creation and sustenance of a relationship. Testosterone builds lust and desire for another, while dopamine promotes a deepening of a "romantic" feeling. Finally oxytocin, a hormone that also results from simple human physical contact, helps to promote
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calm and secure feelings.
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Both humans and bonobo apes have sex for fun as opposed to exclusively for reproduction. Both are primates. But sex for fun is also seen among
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dolphins
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Many societies institute laws that attempt to regulate sexuality. These typically include what you might expect—anti-prostitution laws, controlling distribution of pornography, banning polygamous marriage and who can marry who. Which of the following is also an attempt to regulate sexuality?
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setting the age of consent
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Author Jared Diamond refers to humans as "the animals with the weirdest sex life" in part because we engage in long-term relationships, we co-parent, and we usually have sex in private. The other distinguishing characteristic of human sexual behavior is that
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women may be receptive to sex not just during ovulation but also at other times during their menstrual cycle.
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According to your chapter, what percentage of college students in a 2006 college survey would define oral sex as "having sex" with someone?
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40 percent
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Surinamese women sometimes build very close emotional bonds with other women in their community. These bonds can include deep spiritual and emotional ties and may also mean there is a sexual relationship. These women are known as
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mati
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The long debate over same-sex marriage frequently leads opponents to claim that marriage is immutable to human civilization, that marriage is designed to promote sexual congress for the sole purpose of begetting children. This perspective holds that the fundamental basis of sexuality is
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biological
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The term "heterosexual" was first used in the United States only in 1892. At that time, what cultural meaning was most commonly assigned to the term, according to Victorian ideals?
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Negative, because heterosexuals defied religious teachings by having sex for for fun as opposed to for purposes of reproduction.
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Which of the following individuals might be thought of as displaying "machismo" in Nicaraguan culture?
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an adult male who seeks to be the penetrator in sexual encounters
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The definition of sexuality as presented in the text demonstrates that the idea of "sex" as an act is not a simple matter. While it clearly must include a wide range of desires and beliefs as well as the many acts and behaviors that are found in different cultures, it also includes ideas about
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morality and what is considered "natural" behavior.
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attraction to and sexual relations between individuals of the opposite sex
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heterosexual
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attraction to and sexual relations between individuals of the same sex
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homosexual
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attraction to and sexual relations between members of both sexes
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bisexual
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a lack of erotic attraction to others
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asexual
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Alfred Kinsey posited which of the following about human sexual behavior?
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Humans exist on a continuum between homosexual and heterosexual behavior.
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The scientific study of sexuality that began to emerge in the United States in the late 1800s and continues today is known as which of the following?
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sexology
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Chrys Ingraham believes that "white weddings" influence American society in many ways. The giving away of the bride reinforces the idea that women are "property." The white wedding helps reinforce the ideal of romance that many people cannot afford. But despite the changes in how we see marriage, the "white wedding" also helps reinforce the ideal of
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heterosexuality as natural, timeless, and unchanging.
