Animal Geog 112 – Flashcards
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| What is biogeography? |
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| the pattern of distribution of organisms, could be with our without human influence |
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| What is ecology? |
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| The study of interactions among organisms; how does every plant and animal interact with everything else? |
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| What is a biome? |
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| A collection of ecosystems distinguished by vegetative characteristics and climate, usually based on plants |
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| What is an ecosystem? |
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| A biological community and its physical environment, and within a biome there may be many ecosystems |
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| What is a habitat? |
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| The natural environment in which an organism lives, where the animals may breed easily, find food, shelter, water, etc |
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| What is a niche? |
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| An organism's physiological adaption to, and interaction with its physical environment |
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| What are the six classes of animals? |
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| mammals, birds, fishes, reptiles, amphibians, invertibrates |
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| What is the largest class of animals? |
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| invertebrates, there are 1,300,000 species |
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| How many species of mammals are there? |
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| There are 4785 species |
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| What are some of the traits that all fishes share? |
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| Ectothermic; have a lateral line along the side of the fish (its sensory organ), two chamber heart, gills for respiration; no external ears, no eyelids |
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| What are some of the characteristics of ancient fish? |
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| no jaw, gilled pouches of 7 or more, no stomach |
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| What are the two usual types of fish? |
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| Raised/low fin fish; floating or sinking eggs |
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| How many species of birds are there? |
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| 10,000 species and 30 classes |
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| What are some of the characteristics of birds? |
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| They all have feathers an a horny or scaly beak. Endothermic vertebrates, lay eggs, bipedal, 4 chamber heart, streamline body, good eyesight, hollow bones |
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| What are some of the common characteristics of mammals? |
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| Have hair, have mammary glands, live birth, 3 middle ear bones, red blood cells, 4 chamber heart |
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| What are the divisions of mammals? |
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| monotrems, marsupials, and placentals |
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| What are monotrems? |
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| the Duck billed platypus is a monotrem. The only mammal that is poisonous. |
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| What is a marsupial? |
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| Have babies in very young stages, hold the baby in the pouch as they live in harsh environments |
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| What are placental mammals? |
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| Use a placenta birthing in uterus, need to be able to be born running as they are prey |
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| What are the faunal regions? |
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| Paleartic, Neartic, neotropic, ethiopian, oriental, australia, and oceanic |
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| Where is the palearctic region? |
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| europe, northern africa, asia north of the Himalayas, northern and central parts of the middle east |
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| Where is the nearactic region? |
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| canada to mexico, including greenland |
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| Which region has the smallest number of all fauna families? |
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| The nearactic |
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| Where is the neotropic region? |
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| Central mexico to the bottom of south america |
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| Which region has the most endemic species? |
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| the neotropic |
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| Where is the ethiopian region? |
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| africa and the middle east |
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| Where is the oriental region? |
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| India, Philippines, and Indonesia |
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| Where is the australian region? |
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| ? really? has the most unique species |
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| Where is the oceanic region? |
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| All the islands not included anywhere else |
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| What are two methods of dispersal? |
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| Active and passive, from humans moving animals |
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| Why is the Ethiopian realm kind of like an island? |
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| Animals cannot pass back and forth through the sahara desert, thus are trapped on the bottom of continent |
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| What is the great rift valley? |
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| the largest earthquake fault |
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| What is the second largest freshwater lake in the world? |
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| lake victoria |
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| What are some of the habitats in Africa? |
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| The Namib desert, the Kalahari desert in Botswana, the Sahel, and the Eastern Afromontane |
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| How many species of fish are there in Lake Tanganiwua? |
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| 617 endemic fish speceis |
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| How many endemic species are there in the Ethiopian highlands? |
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| 680 species |
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| Which animal species eats 500 tons of alge every day? |
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| the flamingos in africa |
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| How do flamingoes eat? |
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| They live in 140 degree water, they have a special filter in their bill, no sense of smell and no sense of taste |
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| What animals left africa to go into other areas? |
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| Grazers, undulates, the water buffalo, the dik dik |
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| What are some species that live in the Afro montane area? |
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| the blue goose and the flamingo. There are 41 bird species that only live in this area |
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| What is a charismatic species of the ethiopian region? |
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| The mountain gorilla |
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| How many species of primate are there in the afro montane region? |
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| 27 species of primate |
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| What are some of the characteristics of the mountain gorilla? |
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| has undercoat, less pronounced brow bone, and the alignment of the big toe is different than in other gorillas |
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| What are some regions in the Paleartic realm? |
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| Tundra, tiaga, deserts |
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| Why are there the least amount of endemic species in the paleartic? |
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| The axis is east/west, so that there are a lot of regions that the animals could travel to |
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| Where were the first animals domesticated? |
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| the fertile crescent |
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| What are some characteristics of animals that are good to domesticate? |
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| flexible diet, rapid growth rate, ability to breed in captivity, non-agressive, won't flee, |
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| how many animals have been truly domesticated? |
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| 12 |
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| Which was the first domesticated animal? |
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| the dog |
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| Which animal was the first domesticated food? |
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| the sheep |
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| Why is the honeybee the only bee that could be domesticated? |
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| it is the only one with a social structure |
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| Why was domestication of animals a turning point in distribution? |
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| When you domesticate animals, you take them with you, and put them in areas where they did not originally belong |
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| Why were humans able to domesticate other animals? |
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| opposable thumbs, large brains size, different brain hemisphere, synaptic connections, wrinkles in the brain, aggressive species, culture wants fight for survival |
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| How many mediterranean climates are there around the world? |
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| 5 |
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| What are some of the animals that are often found in mediterranean climates? |
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| "disc tongue" frog, 1/3 of salamanders, tortoises and turtles, gibraltar ape, iberian lynx, jaguar, mediterranean monk seal, barbary deer |
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| Which region can you find the giant salamander in? |
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| the asian arctic region |
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| What are some of the characteristics of the giant salamander? |
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| lots of teeth, secretes nasty stuff, amphibian, does not have to eat that often |
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| Why do pandas not want to live as a species? |
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| not good at adapting, don't like other pandas, they don't like sex, and can only conceive 3 days out of the year, and they can only have babies every other year |
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| Where is the oriental realm? |
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| the indian subcontinent, malay peninsula, and archipelago, to indonesia to the wallace line |
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| Why is the oriental realm a key region of diversity? |
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| It has a central location with lots of unique biodiversity, warm which is important for mammals and birds |
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| What are the endemic families to the Oriental realm? |
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| tree shrews, colugo (flying lemurs), tarsirs, gibbons |
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| What are some characteristics of the indo burma region? |
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| all of the islands are biodiversity hotspots, there is a lot of conflict, 6 large mammal species discovered in the past 12 years |
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| What are some of the new animals discovered in the info burma region? |
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| Saola, large antlered muntjac, annamite striped rabbit, grey-shanked Bouc |
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| What are some of the characteristics of the indian subcontinent? |
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| A lot of the areas are below sea level, there are monsoons, humidity, 160 different eco zones |
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| What are some of the animals of the indian subcontinent? |
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| he water buffalo, the tigers, asian elephant |
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| Which river has the highest amount of biodiversity per unit of measurement than any other river in the world? |
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| the Mekong, and the Mekong delta |
