Anatomy and Physiology ATI Study – Flashcards
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Which of the following bones is a component of the appendicular skeleton? a) Xyphoid process b) Symphysis pubis c) sacrum d) sternum
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a) Symphysis pubis
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Testosterone production is regulated by which of the following glands? a) Pineal b) Thymus c) Parathyroid d) Pituitary
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d) Pituitary
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Which of the following is the measurement of the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood? a) Hematocrit b) Hemoglobin c) Mean corpuscular volume d) Reticulocyte count
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a) Hematocrit
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Which of the following structure of the gastrointestional system absorbs iron and bile salts? a) Ileum b) Jejunum c) Colon d) Duodenum
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a) Ileum
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In a normal functioning cardiovascular system, where does the heartbeat originate? a) Atrioventricular nodes b) Bundle of HIS c) Purkinje fibers d) Sinoatrial node
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d) Sinoatrial node
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An individual with which of the following blood type can receive only blood of that same type? a) Type O b) Type A c) Type B d) Type AB
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a) Type O
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Peripheral vasodilation results in heat loss through which of the following processes? a) conduction b) convection c) radiation d) evaporation
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c) radiation
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Which of the following structures, located at the end of the ear canal, vibrates when sound waves strikes it? a) Acoustic meatus b) Cochlea c) Eustachian tube d) Tympanic membrane
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d) Tympanic membrane
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Production of which of the following is a function of the prostate gland? a) testosterone b) fluid to lubricate the head of the penis c) substance to enhance sperm mobility d) Gonadotrophin releasing hormone
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c) substance to enhance sperm mobility
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Which of the following cardiac valves prevents blood from returning to the left ventricle of the heart? a) pulmonic b) mitral c) tricuspid d) aortic
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d) aortic
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Which of the following is a role of platelets in hemostasis? a) formation of plugs b) promotion of vasodilation c) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin d) activation of calcium
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a) formation of plugs
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Which of the following valves prevents backflow of the blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium of the heart? a) Aortic b) triscupid valve c) pulmonic d) mitral valve
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b) tricuspid valve
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Which of the following ions is most abundant in extracellular fluid? a) Calcium b) Chloride c) Sodium d) Potassium
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c) Sodium
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Which of the following types of cells is primarily responsible for the destruction of old cells and invasive micro-organisms? a) Basophils b) Eosinophils c) B-cells d) macrophages
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d) macrophages
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Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland? a) Growth hormone b) Luteinizing hormone c) Adrenocortrophic hormone d) Antidiuretic hormone
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d) ADH
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Straightening the elbow by lowering the hand affects which of the following muscles? a) biceps brachii b) triceps brachii c) brachials d) brachioradialis
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b) Triceps brachii
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Which of the following substances is involved in the destruction of ingested pathogens? a) lymphatic fluid b) stomach acid c) bicarbonate d) lipase
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b) stomach acid
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Which of the following describes the event of ovulation? a) The fallopian tube moves the ovum to the uterus. b) The oocyte undergoes it's first meiotic division. c) The graafian follicle releases an ovum. d) The corpus luteum produces progesterone.
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c) The graafian follicle releases an ovum.
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Which of the following is the effect of aldosterone secretion on electrolyte levels? a) Calcium levels are decreased b) Sodium levels are increased c) Potassium levels are increased d) Magnesium levels are decreased
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b) Sodium levels are increased.
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Which of the following is a result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system? a) decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles b) increased cardiac output c) decreased respiratory rate d) increased urinary output
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b) increased cardiac output
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Which of the following structures is located between the descending colon and the rectum?
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sigmoid colon
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Which of the following electrolytes plays an essential role in the clotting of blood? a) sodium b) magnesium c) calcium d) potassium
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c) calcium
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Which of the following may indicate a hypersecretion of thyroid hormone? a) weight loss b) Brachycardia c) cold intolerance d) lethargy
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a) weight loss
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A normal adult bladder has the capacity to hold up to how many mL of urine before involuntary micturition is likely to occur?
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600 mL
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Which part of the nephron is closest to the collecting duct?
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distal convoluted tubules
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Calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by which of the following glands?
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Parathyroid gland
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Which part of the brain regulates heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure?
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medulla oblongata
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What is the function of the gallbladder?
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storage of bile
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An occurrence of too high of a concentration of which of the following electrolytes is associated with cardiac arrhythmias? a) chloride b) phosphorus c) potassium d) sodium
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c) potassium
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What function is associated with the dermal layer of the skin?
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collagen formation
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What is the function of the ureters?
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to conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladder
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Breastfeeding of an infant provides what kind of immunity?
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natural passive immunity
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What blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart?
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superior and inferior vena cavae
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What does the respiratory system eliminate when there is an excess of hydrogen ions in the body?
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carbon dioxide
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What structure is distal to the ascending colon?
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transverse colon
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What mediates the body's response to stress?
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Cortisol
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What is the function of the liver?
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lipid metabolism
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What is responsible for the regulation of body temperature?
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Hypothalamus
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What is the iron-containing component of a red blood cell?
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Hemoglobin
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What is the function of angiotensin II in the regulation of blood pressure?
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vasoconstriction
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Blood pH is measure by the gain and loss of what?
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Hydrogen
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What is the order of the protective meningeal layers of the brain from inside to outside?
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pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
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What tissues connects bone to joint?
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ligaments
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When blood leaves the left ventricle of the heart, what structures does it enter next?
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Aorta
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Where is the site of sperm maturation in the male reproductive system?
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Epididymis
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What is the result of the release of antidiuretic hormone?
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fluid volume in the body increases
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After passing through the glottis, inspired air then travels through which structure?
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larynx
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What is a wax-like substance secreted by glands in the external car canal?
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cerumen
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What is the result of meiosis?
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sperm and ova are produced
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What pituitary hormones stimulates the process of gametogenesis?
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Follicle stimulating hormone
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What structures prevents food from being aspirated into the lungs?
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epiglottis
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What hormone is produced by the thyroid gland and is active in calcium metabolism?
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calcitonin
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What type of muscle tissue is under voluntary control?
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Skeletal
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What structure filters foreign particles from lymphatic fluid?
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nodes
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What hormone regulates urine output?
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ADH
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What is associated with the release of histamine?
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mast cells
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What part of the central nervous system is responsible for the control of involuntary respiration?
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medulla oblongata
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What hormone is involved in fluid balance that is produced by the kidney?
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Renin
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In the process of wound healing, what plays a role in clearing a wound of cellular debris?
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neutrophils
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What is associated with wound healing by primary intention?
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minimal scar tissue
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What is function of surfactant in the alveoli of the lungs?
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increase surface area-prevent collapse
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Blood cells are produced by what?
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red bone marrow
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Where are the nutrients transported after being absorbed into the blood stream?
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small intestine
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What antibody type mediates the body's response to an allergen?
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IgE
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What tissues attaches muscle to bone?
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tendon
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What is the average length of female urethra?
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1 to 1.5 inches
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Bile aids in the digestion of what?
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fat
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What structure of the respiratory system is the site of gas exchange?
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Alveoli
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What is the structure of the inner ear?
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cochlea
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What occurs at the beginning of systole in a healthy heart?
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The ventricle contracts
