Medical Terminology-Chapter 1 – Flashcards
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Word Root
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the foundation of a medical term and contains its primary meaning (most word roots are derived from Greek or Latin language)
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skin
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Word Root: dermat Dermatitis: inflammation of the skin (a term that identifies a skin disease) Word Root: cutane Cutaneous: pertaining to the skin (a term that identifies an anatomical structure)
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kidney
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Word Root: nephr Nephroma: tumor of the kidney (a term that describes a kidney disease) Word Root: ren Renal: pertains to the kidney (a term that identifies an anatomical stucture)
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mouth
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Word Root: stomat Stomatitis: inflammation of the mouth (A term that describes an inflammation condition of the mouth) Word Root: oris Oral: pertaining to the mouth (a term that identifies an anatomical stucture)
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Combining Form
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created when a word root is combined with a vowel
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Combining Vowel
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usually is an "O," but sometimes an "i" (enables two or more word elements to be connected)
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Word Root: erythr/ + Vowel: O
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Combining Form: erythro Meaning: red
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Word Root: gastr/ + Vowel: O
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Combining Form: gastro Meaning: stomach
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Word Root: hepat/ + Vowel: O
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Combining Form: hepato Meaning: liver
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Word Root: immun/ + Vowel: O
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Combining Form: immuno Meaning: immune, immunity, safe
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Word Root: nephr/ + Vowel: O
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Combining Form: nephro Meaning: kidney
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Word Root: oste/ + Vowel: O
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Combining Form: osteo Meaning: bone
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Suffix
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a word element at the end of a word that changes the meaning of the word (a suffix usually describes a pathology (disease or abnormality), symptom, surgical or diagnostic procedure, or part of speech)
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Combining Form: gastro (stomach) + Suffix: -itis (inflammation)
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Medical Word: gastritis Meaning: inflammation of the stomach
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Combining Form: gastro (stomach) + Suffix: -megaly (enlargement)
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Medical Word: gastromegaly Meaning: enlargement of the stomach
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Combining Form: gastro (stomach) + Suffix: -oma (tumor)
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Medical Word: gastroma Meaning: tumor of the stomach
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Combining Form: hepato (liver) + Suffix: -itis (inflammation)
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Medical Word: hepatitis Meaning: inflammation of the liver
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Combining Form: hepato (liver) + Suffix: -megaly (enlargement)
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Medical Word: hepatomegaly Meaning: enlargement of the liver
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Combining Form: hepato (liver) + Suffix: -oma (tumor)
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Medical Word: hepatoma Meaning: tumor of the liver
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Prefix
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a word element attached to the beginning of the word or word root (not all medical terms have a prefix; prefix usually indicates a number, time, position, direction, or negation)
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Prefix: an- (without, not) + Word Root: esthes (feeling) + Suffix: -ia (condition)
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Medical Word: anesthesia Meaning: condition of not feeling
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Prefix: hyper- (excessive, above normal) + Word Root: therm (heat) + Suffix: -ia (condition)
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Medical Word: hyperthermia Meaning: Condition of excessive heat
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Prefix: intra- (in, within) + Word Root: muscul (muscle) + Suffix: -ar (pertaining to)
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Medical Word: intramuscular Meaning: pertaining to within the muscle
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Prefix: para- (near, beside; beyond) + Word Root: nas (nose) + Suffix: -al (pertaining to)
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Medical Word: paranasal Meaning: pertaining to (area) near the nose
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Prefix: poly- (many, much) + Word Root: ur (urine) + -ia (condition)
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Medical Word: polyuria Meaning: condition of much urine
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Prefix: pre- (before) + Word Root: nat (birth) Suffix: -al (pertaining to)
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Medical Word: prenatal Meaning: pertaining to (the period) before birth
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Three steps to defining medical words
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Step 1: define the suffix, or last part of the word Step 2: define the first part of the word (which may be a word root, combining form, or prefix) Step 3: define the middle parts of the word
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Three rules to building medical words
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Rule #1: A word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel Rule #2: A combining form (root + "O") links a suffix that begins with a consonant Rule #3: A combining form links one root to another root to form a compound root. This holds true even if the second root begins with a vowel, as in osteoarthritis
