AMT/RPT Practice Exam – Flashcards
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If a vein feels hard and thready like when palpated, then this vein may be
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sclerosed.
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If the plunger on the syringe is pulled back too fast the specimen may be
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hemolyzed
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When performing a heel puncture on an infant, proper technique includes
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placing lancet flat against the skin on the medial or lateral plantar surface of heel.
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what condition would most likely cause hemoconcentration?
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Dehydration.
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What can cause hematoma formation?
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firmly anchoring vein in needle insertion.
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anticoagulant in green top tube
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sodium heprin
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what is preferred method for infant blood collection?
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capillary
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what tube is normally used to collect a serum sample?
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red top
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correct angle for the needle to be inserted into skin?
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30 degrees
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why is it necessary to wipe first drop of blood away when performing a capillary procedure?
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to reduce interstitial fluid contamination
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Alcohol should be allowed to dry completely prior to skin puncture to
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prevent lysis of red blood cells
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the phlebotomist places blood specimen in circles on special filter paper, for what test?
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PKU
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A falsely decreased blood alcohol level may be obtained if
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the tube is only partially filled
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Following venipuncture, what should be applied to venipuncture site?
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clean sterile gauze pad
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When is a phlebotomist allowed to perform a venipuncture on an ankle vein?
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When all other options have been exhausted and the physician has given approval.
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By bracing the hand while holding the needle assembly against the patients arm you
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prevent excess needle movement
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When performing a capillary blood collection, the first drop of blood is wiped away because
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the first drop typically has more tissue fluid
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What instrument may be used when trying to visualize the veins during venipuncture
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Venoscope
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What is correct procedure when performing blood smear for leukocyte alkaline phosphate (LAP)?
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Perform skin puncture, wipe away the first drop of blood & then touch slide to the next drop of blood.
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How long should a tourniquet be placed around a patients arm?
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no more than one minute
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Hemoconcentration of a specimen can be avoided by?
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Removing the tourniquet within one minute.
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A colllapsed vein will cause a
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cessation of blood flow.
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Swelling caused from blood leaking from a blood vessel is
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hematoma
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How far above the venipuncture site should the tourniquet be wrapped around arm?
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3 to 4 inches
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What vein should be used when sample is needed from dialysis patient?
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hand vein
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what is the most critically affected analyte in a hemolyzed specimen?
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Potassium
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Partial penetration of the upper wall of a vein may
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allow blood to leak into subcutaneous tissue by way of needle bevel
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when blood is inoculated into blood culture bottles using a butterfly apparatus which bottle is inoculated first?
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aerobic bottle
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The color tube that is most frequently associated with coagulation tests is
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light blue
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Which substance has a higher concentration in capillary blood than venous blood?
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Glucose
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A serum or plasma specimen containing abnormally increased fatty substances from animal or vegetable origin is
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lipemic
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A skin puncture is preferred over a venipuncture when the patient
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has severe burns
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Prior to bandaging the puncture site the phlebotomist should
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examine the site for bleeding.
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when blood collected in a syringe must be placed in evacuated tubes it is best to use
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blood transfer device
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Blood smears made from EDTA specimens must be prepared within
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1 hour of collection
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when patient develops syncope during a venipuncture, the phlebotomist should first
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remove tourniquet and call for help
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the main reason not to use expired evacuated tubes
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they may exhibit incomplete filling
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the most critical part of a blood culture collection is
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skin antisepsis of the collection site
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what would trigger hematoma formation
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removing the needle while the tourniquet still on the arm
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Heparin prevents clotting by
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inactivating thrombin
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if a pt is critical or an antibiotic needs to be given right away, and two blood culture sets are collected
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immediately from two different sites
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if additive contamination occurred from an EDTA evacuated tube, what test would potentially be affected?
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Potassium level
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The anticoagulant heparin is used in tubes with tops of what color?
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Green
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older patients are more prone to hematoma formation because
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their veins have decreased elasticity
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donating their own blood for their own use
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autologous donation
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how do you stop bleeding at a venipuncture site
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place gauze pad over the site and hold pressure for 5-15 minutes
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the color coded tube that is most frequently associated with hematological tests is
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lavender
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the primary reason for using syringe transfer device is to
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safely transfer blood from syringe into ETS tubes
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A basal-state specimen is collected when
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early in morning, after fasting for 12 hrs
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The liquid portion of an anticoagulated blood specimen is called
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Serum
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Petechiae are tiny, nonraised red spots on a patients skin when the tourniquet is applied. This is indicates, that
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the site may bleed excessively
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A postprandial specimen is collected
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directly after a meal is consumed
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If serum is left to remain on the blood clot for more than one hour, what will likely occur
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serum glucose levels decrease
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what part of heel in infants is recommended for capillary puncture specimens
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medial planter surface
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when the needle penetrates all the way through the vein this can form
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hematoma
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To prevent glycolysis, which additive is used?
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Sodium Fluoride
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Complete clotting of a blood specimen can take up to
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30 minutes at room temperture
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what do you do following an arterial blood specimen?
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apply firm pressure to the puncture site for a minimum of 3-5 minutes
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What is the very first step in performing routine venipuncture
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Identify yourself
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what characteristics of vein ideal for venipuncture
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bouncy
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After last tube filled , what is done next?
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filled tube is removed from the holder
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what is proper sequential draw from first to last
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serum tube, heparin tube, EDTA tube
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what is preferred vein site for venipuncture
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Medial Cubital
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most commonly used antiseptic used for routine venipuncture
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70% isopropyl alcohol
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what prevents rolling veins during venipuncture?
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Anchoring the vein while inserting the needle
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What amount of residual urine is considered abnormal?
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70cc
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A specimen that requires chilling for transport to the lab should be placed in
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container immersed in a slurry of crushed ice & water
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A urine sample collected for GTT what additional info on label
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time of collection
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A quality fasting urine specimen is collected
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8 hrs after eating
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What is proper collection of sputum specimen?
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mucus is coughed up from deep in the lung and expel sputum into sterile cup
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testing for human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) assesses the status of
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pregnancy in women
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what is POCT?
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point of care testing
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term used to describe a portion of a specimen used for testing, usually prepared by transferring some of the specimen into other tubes with same id info?
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Aliquot
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Leaving tubes filled with blood in a rack without mixing will cause?
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clotting
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procedure during which a sterile plastic tube is inserted to provide urinary drainage?
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catheterization
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The standard urine value for protein is
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negative
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Blood cultures are preformed to test for
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septicemia
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what urine collection method is most suitable for culture and sensitivity testing of microbes?
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midstream clean-catch specimen
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most common injuries occurring during venipuncture
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nerve injuries or hematoma
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most important factor in collecting an uncontaminated blood culture
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proper collection site preparation
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arterial blood collected in a plastic syringe for arterial blood gas (ABG) testing that may be delayed in testing should be transported in
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an icy slurry
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what is one of the first signs of liver disease?
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Bilirubinuria
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which test requires the specimen to be protected from the sun?
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Bilirubin
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The guaiac card occult blood test is commonly performed on what type of sample?
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Stool
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A tube NOT completely filled may interfere with test results because
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an imbalance in the anticoagulant to blood ratio
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which test needs to be protected form light
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beta-carotene
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alcohol pads are NOT used when collecting a blood alcohol specimen because the practice will
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be considered invalid if presented in court.
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what is reason that additive tubes should be gently inverted and not vigorously mixed
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to avoid hemolyzing the blood specimen
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what type of catheter used for wound drainage, lead into bladder?
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Drainage
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when should the specimen container for a blood sample be labeled?
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immediately after draw
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when transporting specimens from patient unit down to the hospital laboratory what system is used?
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pneumatic tube
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type of catheter that is inserted after plastic repair of the ureter and must remain in place for at least a week after surgery
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splinting
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what is most prevalent nosocomial infection ?
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UTI
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What POCT is used in diagnosing problems with hemostats?
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Bleeding Time
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Serum should be separated from the blood cells as quickly as possible to avoid
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homolysis
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The world's largest publisher of scientific and medical info is the
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American Medical Association
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How long should a patient fast, if at all, when physician orders a lipid profile?
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12-14 hr fast
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the timing for glucose test begins
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when patient finishes drinking the glucose
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urine sample that may be obtained at any time of day
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random urine specimen
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Hemoglobin and Hematocrit are analyzed in what dept?
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Hematology
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term used to describe when the body is still at rest 12hrs after last intake of food excerise or activity
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basal state
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a medical subspecialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with conditions resulting form an unexpected medical crisis or accident
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Emergency medicine
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Bilirubin concentration decreases by what amount following 1hr of exposure to light?
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50%
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what is the test status designation which takes priority when considering the collection time?
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Medical Emergency
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Protime and aPTT analysis are conducted in what dept?
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Coagulation
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What approach is important for the phlebotomist to use when dealing with ill or irritable patients
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display confident, professional appearance
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used to store data outside the CPU
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Universal Serial Bus
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what is the study of an individuals concept and use of space?
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Proxemics
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What is an important reason to use proper labeling of laboratory specimens?
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to help avoid testing delays
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what is the primary function of isolation procedures?
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prevent transmission of communicable diseases
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Phlebotomist should clean and sanitize all work surfaces at the end of each shift with
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10% bleach solution (1:10)
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use soda and acid or water to cool the fire
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Class A fire extinguishers
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what agency should a medical facility contact for proper info regarding the disposal of medical waste?
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OSHA
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Blood specimens should be drawn according to standards of the
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Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
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The federal law designed to protect patient health information is
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the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
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Which fire extinguishers should be used when a fire occurs in or near electrical equipment?
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Class C or ABC
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Where is the most appropriate place in a clinical setting to find info on a substance's hazards and recommended safety precautions?
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The MSDS
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A phlebotomist would help to prevent needle sticks by
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using OSHA approved safety needles
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What charge can be brought against a phlebotomist who attempts to collect a blood specimen without patients consent?
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battery
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RESPONDEAT SUPERIOR is Latin for?
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"let the master answer"
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If a patient feels threatened by the phlebotomist, he or she may bring suit under civil law for
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Assualt
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What type of consent exists when an emergency procedure such as CPR is provided
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Implied consent
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A written court order addressed to a specific person, requiring that person's presence in court at a specific time, is
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A subpoena
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A process in which the opposing sides in a legal course of action, choose a person outside of the court system, with special knowledge in the field, to hear and decide a dispute is
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Arbitration
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If a patient shows that the physician failed to comply with the standards of the profession , the physician is said to have been
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Derelict
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When a physician is terminating care of patient, physician is
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withdrawing from the case
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Red blood cells are known as
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erythrocytes
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clumping of red blood cells
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Agglutination
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Cardiac muscle is stimulated by what type of nervous system?
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Autonomic
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A sputum culture is helpful in detecting infections in which system?
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Respiratory
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The study of human bod tissues and cells is
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Histology
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A skin puncture is also called
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Dermal puncture
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A digestive enzyme commonly tested for in laboratory
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Lipase
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What type of blood cells is most numerous in circulating blood?
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red blood cell
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The clear yellow liquid that remains after a blood clot forms is the
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serum
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One of the blood tests used to evaluate the respiratory system is abbreviated ?
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ABG
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hyper-
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high
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The abbreviation HAI stands for
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Health Associated Infections
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Granular leukocytes that produce the chemical histamine and aid the body in controlling allergic reactions and other exaggerated immunologic responses?
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Basophils
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Oxia, capnia, pnea and spiro are word parts that refer to what body system?
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Respiratory
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endo-
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within
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least desirable vein, to use for venipuncure
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basilic vein
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What department is responsible for reporting a patient's blood type?
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Blood Bank
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tube containing the anticoagulant sodium citrate (which inhibits glycolysis) is for which type of test?
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Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
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Having a patient bend elbow to apply pressure can cause?
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Hematoma
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Proper angel of insertion of needle into vein?
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30 degrees
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Is found in the Anatomical Pathology section of the clinical laboratory
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Cytology
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Leaving tubes filled with blood in a rack without mixing will cause ?
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clotting
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Blood specimens that need to be shipped off-site by mail systems must be packaged in accordance with the
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FAA and DOT
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If a small bore needle is used with a large volume tube to collect a blood sample, what could happen to the sample?
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Hemolysis
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What POCT is used in diagnosing problems with hemostatis?
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Bleeding Time
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When blood collected from a patient, the serum should be separated from the blood cells as quickly as possible to avoid
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Hemolysis
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A verbal or nonverbal evidence that an individual received and understood a message
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Feedback
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Healthcare facilities achieve the greatest reduction in accidental exposures by requiring a combination of ?
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safe products and safe practices
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what is the correct angle range for needle insertion
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15-30 degrees
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4 elements that must be present for a medical malpractice case
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Duty, Derelict, Direct Cause and Damages
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Blood that carries only the A antigen contains?
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anti-B antibodies
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Test used to evaluate urinary system function ?
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BUN, Creatinine and Osmolality
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refers to the blood flow to the lungs and back to the heart
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Pulmonary Circulation
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The processed information or data generated by a computer to be received by the user is referred to as
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data
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If an unlabeled specimen is received by the laboratory, the phlebotomy tech should
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discard specimen and request that it be recollected
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A rule of conduct established and enforced by an authority or governing body, such as federal government.
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Law
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When lab requires whole blood it is asking for the
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total volume of plasma and formed elements
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These vessels carry blood away from the heart?
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Arteries
