American History I – chapter 6 – Flashcards
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Judiciary Act of 1789
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law that set up the federal court system
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Alexander Hamilton
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An early Federalist leader and first secretary of the treasury. He was killed in a duel with the Vice-president.
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cabinet
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leaders of the executive departments and others who serve as the advisers to the president
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Bank of the United States
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a national bank funded by the federal government and wealthy investors
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(Democratic) Republicans -
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Thomas Jefferson's political party - came from the Anti-federalists
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two-party system
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political system in which two parties compete on a mostly even basis for power
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protective tariff
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a tax on imported goods to protect domestic businesses
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excise tax
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a tax on specific goods produced within the country - like whiskey for example
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neutrality
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A position of not taking sides in a conflict
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Thomas Pinckney
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U.S. ambassador who asked Spanish officials to reopen New Orleans to U.S. trade.
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John Jay
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1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and early federalist leader, he negotiated with British for George Washington.
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sectionalism
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A devotion to the interests of one geographic region over the interests of the country as a whole
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XYZ affair
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A 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats
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Alien and Sedition Acts
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(1798) laws passed by a Federalist-dominated Congress aimed at protecting the government from treasonous ideas, actions, and people
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nullification
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A state's refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional
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Aaron Burr
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He almost won the election of 1800 but became Jefferson's Vice President; killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel
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John Marshall
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1755-1835. U.S. Chief Supreme Court Justice. Oversaw over 1000 decisions, including Marbury v Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland.
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Judiciary Act of 1801
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a law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill most of the new posts with Federalists
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midnight judges
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The 16 judges that were added by the Judiciary Act of 1801 that were called this because Adams signed their appointments late on the last day of his administration.
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Marbury vs. Madison
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This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review
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judicial review
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A power given to the judiciary branch in order to sustain checks and balances. This power let judges examine a law or act passed by the government to see if it was constitutional or not.
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Louisiana Purchase
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Large territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million. Doubled size of the country.
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Lewis and Clark
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Leaders of an expedition sent by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase.
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Sacajawea
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native american woman who served as a guide an interpreter for the Lewis and Clark expedition
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blockade
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An act of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving by way of the sea
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impressment
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British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service
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embargo
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A government order imposing a trade barrier
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Tecumseh
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A Shawnee chief who worked to unite the Northwestern Indian tribes and was killed fighting for the British during the War of 1812 at the Battle of the Thames in 1813.
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war hawk
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Someone favoring war in a debate over whether to go to war, or whether to continue or escalate an existing war
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Andrew Jackson
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Leader of American forces at the Battle of New Orleans and 7th president of the U.S.
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Treaty of Ghent
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1814 treaty that ended the war of 1812
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armistice
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a temporary peace, halt in fighting
